add small boot management

This commit is contained in:
Nilton Constantino 2026-01-15 17:01:25 +00:00
parent 0b78bf4797
commit 1dbe79883c
No known key found for this signature in database
8 changed files with 363 additions and 174 deletions

View File

@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ pub mod peripherals;
pub mod vm;
mod model;
mod native_interface;
mod utilz;
pub use machine::Machine;

View File

@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
use crate::vm::Value;
use crate::vm::Program;
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Cartridge {
pub rom: Vec<u8>,
pub constant_pool: Vec<Value>,
pub program: Program,
}
impl Cartridge {
pub fn new(rom: Vec<u8>, constant_pool: Vec<Value>) -> Self {
Self { rom, constant_pool }
pub fn new(program: Program) -> Self {
Self { program }
}
}

View File

@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ impl NativeInterface for Machine {
// system.run_cart()
0x0002 => {
if let Some(cart) = self.cartridge.as_ref() {
vm.rom = cart.rom.clone();
vm.constant_pool = cart.constant_pool.clone();
vm.program = cart.program.clone();
vm.pc = 0;
vm.operand_stack.clear();
vm.call_stack.clear();
vm.globals.clear();
vm.heap.clear();
vm.halted = false;
} else {
return Err("No cartridge inserted".into());

18
crates/core/src/utilz.rs Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
use crate::vm::OpCode;
pub fn emit_u16(rom: &mut Vec<u8>, val: u16) {
rom.extend_from_slice(&val.to_le_bytes());
}
pub fn emit_u32(rom: &mut Vec<u8>, val: u32) {
rom.extend_from_slice(&val.to_le_bytes());
}
pub fn emit_op(rom: &mut Vec<u8>, op: OpCode) {
emit_u16(rom, op as u16);
}
pub fn patch_u32(rom: &mut [u8], offset: usize, val: u32) {
let bytes = val.to_le_bytes();
rom[offset..offset + 4].copy_from_slice(&bytes);
}

View File

@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ mod virtual_machine;
mod value;
mod opcode;
mod call_frame;
mod program;
pub use value::Value;
pub use virtual_machine::VirtualMachine;
pub use opcode::OpCode;
pub use program::Program;

View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
use std::sync::Arc;
use crate::vm::Value;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct Program {
pub rom: Arc<[u8]>,
pub constant_pool: Arc<[Value]>,
}
impl Program {
pub fn new(rom: Vec<u8>, constant_pool: Vec<Value>) -> Self {
Self {
rom: Arc::from(rom),
constant_pool: Arc::from(constant_pool),
}
}
}

View File

@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
use crate::native_interface::NativeInterface;
use crate::utilz;
use crate::vm::call_frame::CallFrame;
use crate::vm::opcode::OpCode;
use crate::vm::value::Value;
use crate::vm::Program;
pub struct VirtualMachine {
pub pc: usize,
pub operand_stack: Vec<Value>,
pub call_stack: Vec<CallFrame>,
pub globals: Vec<Value>,
pub constant_pool: Vec<Value>,
pub rom: Vec<u8>,
pub program: Program,
pub heap: Vec<Value>, // Simplificado para demo, futuramente RAM/Heap real
pub cycles: u64,
pub halted: bool,
@ -23,8 +25,7 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
operand_stack: Vec::new(),
call_stack: Vec::new(),
globals: Vec::new(),
constant_pool,
rom,
program: Program::new(rom, constant_pool),
heap: Vec::new(),
cycles: 0,
halted: false,
@ -37,95 +38,231 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
let mut rom = Vec::new();
let mut constant_pool = Vec::new();
// Constantes do Boot ROM
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(140)); // 0: x
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(70)); // 1: y
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(40)); // 2: largura
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(40)); // 3: altura
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(7)); // 4: cor rect (indigo)
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(0)); // 5: sample_id (square)
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(0)); // 6: voice_id
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(255)); // 7: volume
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(127)); // 8: pan (center)
constant_pool.push(Value::Float(1.0)); // 9: pitch
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(0)); // 10: bg color (black)
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(10)); // 11: button START
// Constant Pool
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(160)); // 0: Center X
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(90)); // 1: Center Y
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(40)); // 2: Logo Size
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(7)); // 3: Indigo (Logo)
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(0)); // 4: Black (Background)
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(180)); // 5: Splash Timeout (3s)
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(2)); // 6: Divisor
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(1)); // 7: 1
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(10)); // 8: Start Button
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(0)); // 9: Square Sample
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(255)); // 10: Volume
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(127)); // 11: Pan
constant_pool.push(Value::Float(1.0)); // 12: Pitch
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(0)); // 13: Voice ID
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(0)); // 14: Zero
constant_pool.push(Value::Integer(6)); // 15: Cyan (SO Logo)
// -- PROGRAMA --
// -- INICIALIZAÇÃO --
// 1. Toca o som de boot "plim" (uma vez)
// Push arguments for audio.play_sample(sample_id, voice_id, volume, pan, pitch)
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&5u32.to_le_bytes()); // sample_id
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&6u32.to_le_bytes()); // voice_id
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&7u32.to_le_bytes()); // volume
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&8u32.to_le_bytes()); // pan
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&9u32.to_le_bytes()); // pitch
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x3001u32.to_le_bytes());
// G0 = 0 (Contador de frames)
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 14);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// G1 = 0 (Estado BIOS: 0=Splash, 1=SO)
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 14);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1);
// Toca o som de boot "plim"
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 9); // sample
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 13); // voice
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 10); // vol
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 11); // pan
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 12); // pitch
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x3001);
// Escopo local para cálculos temporários [0:f, 1:s, 2:x, 3:y]
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushScope);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 4);
let loop_start = rom.len() as u32;
// 2. Verifica Cartucho e Input para Boot
// system.has_cart?
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x0001u32.to_le_bytes());
let jmp_no_cart_idx = rom.len();
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::JmpIfFalse as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes()); // placeholder
// Se tem cartucho, checa START
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&11u32.to_le_bytes()); // START button ID
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x2001u32.to_le_bytes()); // input.get_pad
let jmp_no_start_idx = rom.len();
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::JmpIfFalse as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes()); // placeholder
// Se tem cartucho E START, run_cart!
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x0002u32.to_le_bytes()); // system.run_cart
// Destino para quando não tem cartucho ou não apertou START
let skip_cart_addr = rom.len() as u32;
// Patch placeholders
let skip_bytes = skip_cart_addr.to_le_bytes();
rom[jmp_no_cart_idx+2..jmp_no_cart_idx+6].copy_from_slice(&skip_bytes);
rom[jmp_no_start_idx+2..jmp_no_start_idx+6].copy_from_slice(&skip_bytes);
// Limpa tela
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 4); // black
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x1001);
// 3. Limpa a tela
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&10u32.to_le_bytes()); // bg color
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x1001u32.to_le_bytes());
// --- MÁQUINA DE ESTADOS (G1) ---
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // G1
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 14); // 0
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Eq);
let jmp_to_so = rom.len();
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::JmpIfFalse);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// 4. Desenha o quadrado no centro
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes()); // x
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_le_bytes()); // y
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&2u32.to_le_bytes()); // w
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&3u32.to_le_bytes()); // h
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&4u32.to_le_bytes()); // color
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x1002u32.to_le_bytes());
// === ESTADO 0: SPLASH ===
// 1. Cálculos da Animação
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // L0 = f
// 4. Sincroniza frame
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::FrameSync as u16).to_le_bytes());
// S = if f < 40 { f } else { 40 }
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // f
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 2); // 40
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Lt);
let jmp_s_full = rom.len();
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::JmpIfFalse);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// 5. Loop infinito
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Jmp as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&loop_start.to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // f
let jmp_s_set = rom.len();
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Jmp);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
let s_full_addr = rom.len() as u32;
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 2); // 40
let s_set_addr = rom.len() as u32;
utilz::patch_u32(&mut rom, jmp_s_full + 2, s_full_addr);
utilz::patch_u32(&mut rom, jmp_s_set + 2, s_set_addr);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // L1 = S
// X = 160 - S/2, Y = 90 - S/2
for (local_idx, const_idx) in [(2, 0), (3, 1)] {
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, const_idx);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // S
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 6); // 2
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Div);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Sub);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, local_idx);
}
// Desenha Quadrado (Logo)
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 2); // X
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 3); // Y
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // W
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // H
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 3); // Indigo
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x1002);
// Checagem de Saída do Splash (f >= 180 OR START)
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // f
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 5); // 180
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Gt); // f > 180 (ou eq, mas gt é mais seguro)
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 8); // Start
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x2001); // get_pad
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Or);
let jmp_splash_continue = rom.len();
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::JmpIfFalse);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// Validação de Cartucho
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x0001); // has_cart?
let jmp_no_cart_init = rom.len();
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::JmpIfFalse);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x0002); // run_cart
// Senão tem cartucho: vai para o SO
let no_cart_init_addr = rom.len() as u32;
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 7); // 1
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // G1 = 1 (SO)
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 14); // 0
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // f = 0 (reset counter for SO)
let splash_continue_addr = rom.len() as u32;
utilz::patch_u32(&mut rom, jmp_splash_continue + 2, splash_continue_addr);
utilz::patch_u32(&mut rom, jmp_no_cart_init + 2, no_cart_init_addr);
let jmp_end_state = rom.len();
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Jmp);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// === ESTADO 1: SO ===
let so_state_addr = rom.len() as u32;
utilz::patch_u32(&mut rom, jmp_to_so + 2, so_state_addr);
// Desenha "SO" (Quadrado Ciano)
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // 160
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // 90
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 2); // 40
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 2); // 40
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 15); // Cyan
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x1002);
// Monitora Inserção de Cartucho (Hot-plug) + START
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x0001); // has_cart?
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 8); // Start
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x2001); // get_pad
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::And); // has_cart AND START
let jmp_so_continue = rom.len();
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::JmpIfFalse);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x0002); // run_cart
let so_continue_addr = rom.len() as u32;
utilz::patch_u32(&mut rom, jmp_so_continue + 2, so_continue_addr);
// Incrementa G0 (f)
let end_state_addr = rom.len() as u32;
utilz::patch_u32(&mut rom, jmp_end_state + 2, end_state_addr);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 7); // 1
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Add);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetGlobal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::FrameSync);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Jmp);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, loop_start);
Self::new(rom, constant_pool)
}
@ -142,7 +279,7 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
let start_cycles = self.cycles;
let mut budget_used = 0;
while budget_used < budget && !self.halted && self.pc < self.rom.len() {
while budget_used < budget && !self.halted && self.pc < self.program.rom.len() {
let pc_before = self.pc;
let cycles_before = self.cycles;
let opcode_val = self.peek_u16()?;
@ -168,18 +305,18 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
}
fn peek_u16(&self) -> Result<u16, String> {
if self.pc + 2 > self.rom.len() {
if self.pc + 2 > self.program.rom.len() {
return Err("Unexpected end of ROM".into());
}
let bytes = [
self.rom[self.pc],
self.rom[self.pc + 1],
self.program.rom[self.pc],
self.program.rom[self.pc + 1],
];
Ok(u16::from_le_bytes(bytes))
}
pub fn step(&mut self, native: &mut dyn NativeInterface) -> Result<(), String> {
if self.halted || self.pc >= self.rom.len() {
if self.halted || self.pc >= self.program.rom.len() {
return Ok(());
}
@ -204,7 +341,7 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
}
OpCode::PushConst => {
let idx = self.read_u32()? as usize;
let val = self.constant_pool.get(idx).cloned().ok_or("Invalid constant index")?;
let val = self.program.constant_pool.get(idx).cloned().ok_or("Invalid constant index")?;
self.push(val);
}
OpCode::Pop => {
@ -405,26 +542,26 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
}
fn read_u32(&mut self) -> Result<u32, String> {
if self.pc + 4 > self.rom.len() {
if self.pc + 4 > self.program.rom.len() {
return Err("Unexpected end of ROM".into());
}
let bytes = [
self.rom[self.pc],
self.rom[self.pc + 1],
self.rom[self.pc + 2],
self.rom[self.pc + 3],
self.program.rom[self.pc],
self.program.rom[self.pc + 1],
self.program.rom[self.pc + 2],
self.program.rom[self.pc + 3],
];
self.pc += 4;
Ok(u32::from_le_bytes(bytes))
}
fn read_u16(&mut self) -> Result<u16, String> {
if self.pc + 2 > self.rom.len() {
if self.pc + 2 > self.program.rom.len() {
return Err("Unexpected end of ROM".into());
}
let bytes = [
self.rom[self.pc],
self.rom[self.pc + 1],
self.program.rom[self.pc],
self.program.rom[self.pc + 1],
];
self.pc += 2;
Ok(u16::from_le_bytes(bytes))
@ -477,12 +614,12 @@ mod tests {
let mut native = NoopNative;
let mut rom = Vec::new();
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes()); // Const index 0
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_le_bytes()); // Const index 1
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Add as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // Const index 0
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1); // Const index 1
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Add);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Halt);
let constant_pool = vec![Value::Integer(10), Value::Integer(20)];
let mut vm = VirtualMachine::new(rom, constant_pool);
@ -504,39 +641,39 @@ mod tests {
let mut rom = Vec::new();
// Index 0: PUSH 0 (counter)
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// Index 6: DUP
let loop_start = rom.len();
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Dup as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Dup);
// PUSH 10
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1);
// LT (counter < 10)
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Lt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Lt);
// JMP_IF_FALSE to end
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::JmpIfFalse as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::JmpIfFalse);
let jmp_placeholder = rom.len();
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// PUSH 1
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&2u32.to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 2);
// ADD (increment counter)
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Add as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Add);
// JMP to start
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Jmp as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(loop_start as u32).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Jmp);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, loop_start as u32);
// End
let loop_end = rom.len();
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Halt);
// Patch JMP_IF_FALSE addr
let end_addr_bytes = (loop_end as u32).to_le_bytes();
@ -571,12 +708,12 @@ mod tests {
let mut rom = Vec::new();
// PUSH 5 (color index)
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
// CALL_NATIVE 0x1001
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x1001u32.to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x1001);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Halt);
let constant_pool = vec![Value::Integer(5)];
let mut vm = VirtualMachine::new(rom, constant_pool);
@ -597,9 +734,9 @@ mod tests {
// 1. Verifica que não tem cartucho inicialmente
let mut rom = Vec::new();
// CALL_NATIVE 0x0001 (has_cart)
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0x0001u32.to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0x0001);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Halt);
machine.vm = VirtualMachine::new(rom, vec![]);
let mut vm = std::mem::take(&mut machine.vm);
@ -611,19 +748,19 @@ mod tests {
// 2. Adiciona um cartucho e roda
let mut cart_rom = Vec::new();
// PUSH_CONST 0
cart_rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
cart_rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
cart_rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut cart_rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut cart_rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut cart_rom, OpCode::Halt);
let cart_pool = vec![Value::Integer(42)];
let cart = Cartridge::new(cart_rom, cart_pool);
let cart = Cartridge::new(Program::new(cart_rom, cart_pool));
machine.load_cartridge(cart);
// Código para rodar o cartucho
let mut boot_rom = Vec::new();
// CALL_NATIVE 0x0002 (run_cart)
boot_rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Syscall as u16).to_le_bytes());
boot_rom.extend_from_slice(&0x0002u32.to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut boot_rom, OpCode::Syscall);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut boot_rom, 0x0002);
machine.vm = VirtualMachine::new(boot_rom, vec![]);
let mut vm = std::mem::take(&mut machine.vm);
@ -645,13 +782,13 @@ mod tests {
let mut rom = Vec::new();
// PUSH 10, PUSH 20, SWAP, POP
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Swap as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Pop as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 1);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Swap);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Pop);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Halt);
let constant_pool = vec![Value::Integer(10), Value::Integer(20)];
let mut vm = VirtualMachine::new(rom, constant_pool);
@ -671,13 +808,13 @@ mod tests {
let mut rom = Vec::new();
// PUSH true, NOT (-> false), PUSH true, OR (-> true)
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes()); // true
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Not as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes()); // true
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Or as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // true
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Not);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // true
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Or);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Halt);
let constant_pool = vec![Value::Boolean(true)];
let mut vm = VirtualMachine::new(rom, constant_pool);
@ -696,16 +833,16 @@ mod tests {
let mut rom = Vec::new();
// PUSH_SCOPE 2 (reserves 2 nulls), PUSH 42, SET_LOCAL 0, GET_LOCAL 0, POP_SCOPE
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushScope as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&2u32.to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PushConst as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes()); // 42
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::SetLocal as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::GetLocal as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::PopScope as u16).to_le_bytes());
rom.extend_from_slice(&(OpCode::Halt as u16).to_le_bytes());
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushScope);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 2);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PushConst);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0); // 42
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::SetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::GetLocal);
utilz::emit_u32(&mut rom, 0);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::PopScope);
utilz::emit_op(&mut rom, OpCode::Halt);
let constant_pool = vec![Value::Integer(42)];
let mut vm = VirtualMachine::new(rom, constant_pool);

View File

@ -373,18 +373,31 @@ Efeito prático:
A **PROMETEU VM** nunca inicia em um estado totalmente "vazio" ou inativo.
### 13.1 O Boot ROM
Se a máquina for inicializada sem um cartucho específico carregado, a VM executa um **Boot ROM padrão**. Este é um pequeno programa em bytecode embutido no core que:
* Emite um som de "plim" ao iniciar.
* Realiza um ciclo básico de limpeza de tela (preto).
* Exibe um quadrado centralizado (índigo).
* Serve como indicador visual e auditivo de que o hardware lógico está operacional.
### 13.1 O Boot ROM (BIOS)
Se a máquina for inicializada sem um cartucho específico carregado, a VM executa um **Boot ROM padrão**. Este é um pequeno programa em bytecode embutido no core que gerencia o ciclo de vida inicial da máquina através de uma máquina de estados:
### 13.2 Ciclo de Boot
1. O Core é inicializado via `Machine::new()`.
2. A VM é carregada com o Boot ROM via `VirtualMachine::default()`.
3. O PC (Program Counter) é definido como `0`.
4. A execução começa imediatamente no primeiro `step_frame`.
#### Fase 1: BOOT (Splash & Som)
1. **Som de Inicialização**: Emite um som de "plim" (`0x3001`) imediatamente ao ligar (frame 0).
2. **Splash Animation**: Exibe o logotipo (quadrado Índigo) crescendo suavemente (0-40 frames).
3. **Splash Estático**: O logotipo permanece na tela até o frame 180 (~3 segundos).
4. **Interrupção**: O usuário pode pular o Splash a qualquer momento pressionando **START**.
#### Fase 2: C_VALIDATION (Validação)
Ao fim do Splash ou interrupção, a BIOS verifica a presença de um cartucho:
- **Com Cartucho**: Chama `system.run_cart` (`0x0002`) para transferir o controle.
- **Sem Cartucho**: Transita para o **Estado de SO**.
#### Fase 3: RUN (Sistema Operacional / Fallback)
Se nenhum cartucho for detectado, a máquina entra em modo "SO":
1. **Interface**: Exibe um quadrado **Ciano** no centro da tela.
2. **Hot-plug**: Monitora em tempo real a inserção de cartuchos. Se um cartucho for inserido e o botão **START** for pressionado, o cartucho é iniciado.
### 13.2 Ciclo de Memória
A instrução `system.run_cart` garante um ambiente limpo para o novo programa:
1. Reseta o **PC** para 0.
2. Limpa as pilhas (**Operand Stack** e **Call Stack**).
3. Limpa a memória (**Globals** e **Heap**).
4. Carrega a nova **ROM** e **Constant Pool** do cartucho.
---