diff --git a/prometeu-compiler/frontends/prometeu-frontend-pbs/src/main/java/p/studio/compiler/pbs/PbsFrontendCompiler.java b/prometeu-compiler/frontends/prometeu-frontend-pbs/src/main/java/p/studio/compiler/pbs/PbsFrontendCompiler.java
index cf60f4dd..3c69cc16 100644
--- a/prometeu-compiler/frontends/prometeu-frontend-pbs/src/main/java/p/studio/compiler/pbs/PbsFrontendCompiler.java
+++ b/prometeu-compiler/frontends/prometeu-frontend-pbs/src/main/java/p/studio/compiler/pbs/PbsFrontendCompiler.java
@@ -23,9 +23,12 @@ import p.studio.compiler.source.tables.IntrinsicTable;
 import p.studio.utilities.structures.ReadOnlyList;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 public final class PbsFrontendCompiler {
     private final PbsDeclarationSemanticsValidator declarationSemanticsValidator = new PbsDeclarationSemanticsValidator();
@@ -198,13 +201,6 @@ public final class PbsFrontendCompiler {
             final var instructions = new ArrayList<IRBackendExecutableFunction.Instruction>();
             final var callsites = new ArrayList<PbsAst.CallExpr>();
             collectCallsFromBlock(fn.body(), callsites);
-            callsites.sort((a, b) -> {
-                final var deltaStart = Long.compare(a.span().getStart(), b.span().getStart());
-                if (deltaStart != 0) {
-                    return deltaStart;
-                }
-                return Long.compare(a.span().getEnd(), b.span().getEnd());
-            });
             for (final var callExpr : callsites) {
                 final var calleeName = extractSimpleCalleeName(callExpr.callee());
                 if (calleeName == null || calleeName.isBlank()) {
@@ -294,6 +290,19 @@ public final class PbsFrontendCompiler {
                     fn.span()));
 
             final var returnSlots = returnSlotsFor(fn);
+            final int maxStackSlots;
+            try {
+                maxStackSlots = analyzeMaxStackSlots(ReadOnlyList.wrap(instructions), returnSlots);
+            } catch (ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException e) {
+                diagnostics.error(
+                        DiagnosticPhase.STATIC_SEMANTICS,
+                        PbsSemanticsErrors.E_SEM_EXEC_LOWERING_UNRESOLVED_CALLEE.name(),
+                        PbsSemanticsErrors.E_SEM_EXEC_LOWERING_UNRESOLVED_CALLEE.name(),
+                        Map.of(),
+                        e.getMessage(),
+                        fn.span());
+                continue;
+            }
             final var start = safeToInt(fn.span().getStart());
             final var end = safeToInt(fn.span().getEnd());
             executableFunctions.add(new IRBackendExecutableFunction(
@@ -306,7 +315,7 @@ public final class PbsFrontendCompiler {
                     fn.parameters().size(),
                     0,
                     returnSlots,
-                    Math.max(4, fn.parameters().size() + 2),
+                    maxStackSlots,
                     ReadOnlyList.wrap(instructions),
                     fn.span()));
         }
@@ -555,9 +564,112 @@ public final class PbsFrontendCompiler {
         };
     }
 
+    private int analyzeMaxStackSlots(
+            final ReadOnlyList<IRBackendExecutableFunction.Instruction> instructions,
+            final int returnSlots) {
+        if (instructions.isEmpty()) {
+            return Math.max(1, returnSlots);
+        }
+
+        final var labelToIndex = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+        for (var i = 0; i < instructions.size(); i++) {
+            final var instruction = instructions.get(i);
+            if (instruction.kind() == IRBackendExecutableFunction.InstructionKind.LABEL) {
+                if (labelToIndex.putIfAbsent(instruction.label(), i) != null) {
+                    throw new ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException("duplicate label during stack analysis: " + instruction.label());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        final var incomingHeightByInstruction = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
+        final var worklist = new ArrayDeque<Integer>();
+        final var visited = new HashSet<Integer>();
+        incomingHeightByInstruction.put(0, 0);
+        worklist.add(0);
+
+        var maxHeight = 0;
+        while (!worklist.isEmpty()) {
+            final var index = worklist.removeFirst();
+            visited.add(index);
+            final var instruction = instructions.get(index);
+            var outHeight = incomingHeightByInstruction.get(index);
+
+            switch (instruction.kind()) {
+                case CALL_FUNC -> outHeight += instruction.expectedRetSlots() == null ? 0 : instruction.expectedRetSlots();
+                case CALL_HOST -> outHeight += instruction.hostCall() == null ? 0 : instruction.hostCall().retSlots();
+                case CALL_INTRINSIC, HALT, LABEL, JMP, RET -> {
+                }
+                case JMP_IF_TRUE, JMP_IF_FALSE -> {
+                    if (outHeight <= 0) {
+                        throw new ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException("conditional jump requires stack height > 0");
+                    }
+                    outHeight -= 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, outHeight);
+            if (instruction.kind() == IRBackendExecutableFunction.InstructionKind.RET
+                    || instruction.kind() == IRBackendExecutableFunction.InstructionKind.HALT) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final var successors = new ArrayList<Integer>(2);
+            if (instruction.kind() == IRBackendExecutableFunction.InstructionKind.JMP
+                    || instruction.kind() == IRBackendExecutableFunction.InstructionKind.JMP_IF_TRUE
+                    || instruction.kind() == IRBackendExecutableFunction.InstructionKind.JMP_IF_FALSE) {
+                final var targetIndex = labelToIndex.get(instruction.targetLabel());
+                if (targetIndex == null) {
+                    throw new ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException("missing jump target label: " + instruction.targetLabel());
+                }
+                successors.add(targetIndex);
+                if (instruction.kind() == IRBackendExecutableFunction.InstructionKind.JMP) {
+                    mergeIncomingHeights(incomingHeightByInstruction, worklist, targetIndex, outHeight);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            final var nextIndex = index + 1;
+            if (nextIndex >= instructions.size()) {
+                throw new ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException("reachable path ends without terminal instruction");
+            }
+            successors.add(nextIndex);
+            for (final var successor : successors) {
+                mergeIncomingHeights(incomingHeightByInstruction, worklist, successor, outHeight);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!visited.contains(instructions.size() - 1)) {
+            throw new ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException("entrypoint does not reach function tail");
+        }
+        return Math.max(1, Math.max(maxHeight, returnSlots));
+    }
+
+    private void mergeIncomingHeights(
+            final Map<Integer, Integer> incomingHeightByInstruction,
+            final ArrayDeque<Integer> worklist,
+            final int targetIndex,
+            final int newHeight) {
+        final var existingHeight = incomingHeightByInstruction.get(targetIndex);
+        if (existingHeight == null) {
+            incomingHeightByInstruction.put(targetIndex, newHeight);
+            worklist.add(targetIndex);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (existingHeight != newHeight) {
+            throw new ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException(
+                    "stack mismatch at join: existing=%d new=%d".formatted(existingHeight, newHeight));
+        }
+    }
+
     private record ExecutableLoweringResult(
             ReadOnlyList<IRBackendExecutableFunction> executableFunctions,
             ReadOnlyList<CallableSignatureRef> callableSignatures,
             ReadOnlyList<IntrinsicReference> intrinsicPool) {
     }
+
+    private static final class ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException extends RuntimeException {
+        private ExecutableLoweringAnalysisException(final String message) {
+            super(message);
+        }
+    }
 }