293 lines
9.2 KiB
Rust
293 lines
9.2 KiB
Rust
/// Represents a single instruction in the Prometeu Virtual Machine.
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///
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/// Each OpCode is encoded as a 16-bit unsigned integer (u16) in the bytecode.
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/// The PVM is a stack-based machine, meaning most instructions take their
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/// operands from the top of the stack and push their results back onto it.
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
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#[repr(u16)]
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pub enum OpCode {
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// --- 6.1 Execution Control ---
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/// No operation. Does nothing for 1 cycle.
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Nop = 0x00,
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/// Stops the Virtual Machine execution immediately.
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Halt = 0x01,
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/// Unconditional jump to a specific PC (Program Counter) address.
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/// Operand: addr (u32)
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Jmp = 0x02,
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/// Jumps to `addr` if the value at the top of the stack is `false`.
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/// Operand: addr (u32)
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/// Stack: [bool] -> []
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JmpIfFalse = 0x03,
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/// Jumps to `addr` if the value at the top of the stack is `true`.
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/// Operand: addr (u32)
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/// Stack: [bool] -> []
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JmpIfTrue = 0x04,
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/// Triggers a software breakpoint. Used for debugging.
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Trap = 0x05,
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// --- 6.2 Stack Manipulation ---
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/// Loads a constant from the Constant Pool into the stack.
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/// Operand: index (u32)
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/// Stack: [] -> [value]
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PushConst = 0x10,
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/// Removes the top value from the stack.
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/// Stack: [val] -> []
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Pop = 0x11,
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/// Duplicates the top value of the stack.
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/// Stack: [val] -> [val, val]
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Dup = 0x12,
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/// Swaps the two top values of the stack.
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [b, a]
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Swap = 0x13,
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/// Pushes a 64-bit integer literal onto the stack.
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/// Operand: value (i64)
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PushI64 = 0x14,
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/// Pushes a 64-bit float literal onto the stack.
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/// Operand: value (f64)
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PushF64 = 0x15,
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/// Pushes a boolean literal onto the stack (0=false, 1=true).
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/// Operand: value (u8)
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PushBool = 0x16,
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/// Pushes a 32-bit integer literal onto the stack.
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/// Operand: value (i32)
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PushI32 = 0x17,
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/// Removes `n` values from the stack.
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/// Operand: n (u32)
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PopN = 0x18,
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// --- 6.3 Arithmetic ---
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/// Adds the two top values (a + b).
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [result]
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Add = 0x20,
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/// Subtracts the top value from the second one (a - b).
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [result]
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Sub = 0x21,
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/// Multiplies the two top values (a * b).
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [result]
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Mul = 0x22,
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/// Divides the second top value by the top one (a / b).
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [result]
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Div = 0x23,
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// --- 6.4 Comparison and Logic ---
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/// Checks if a equals b.
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [bool]
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Eq = 0x30,
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/// Checks if a is not equal to b.
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [bool]
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Neq = 0x31,
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/// Checks if a is less than b.
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [bool]
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Lt = 0x32,
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/// Checks if a is greater than b.
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [bool]
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Gt = 0x33,
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/// Logical AND.
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/// Stack: [bool, bool] -> [bool]
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And = 0x34,
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/// Logical OR.
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/// Stack: [bool, bool] -> [bool]
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Or = 0x35,
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/// Logical NOT.
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/// Stack: [bool] -> [bool]
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Not = 0x36,
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/// Bitwise AND.
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/// Stack: [int, int] -> [int]
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BitAnd = 0x37,
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/// Bitwise OR.
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/// Stack: [int, int] -> [int]
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BitOr = 0x38,
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/// Bitwise XOR.
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/// Stack: [int, int] -> [int]
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BitXor = 0x39,
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/// Bitwise Shift Left.
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/// Stack: [int, count] -> [int]
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Shl = 0x3A,
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/// Bitwise Shift Right.
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/// Stack: [int, count] -> [int]
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Shr = 0x3B,
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/// Checks if a is less than or equal to b.
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [bool]
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Lte = 0x3C,
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/// Checks if a is greater than or equal to b.
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/// Stack: [a, b] -> [bool]
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Gte = 0x3D,
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/// Negates a number (-a).
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/// Stack: [num] -> [num]
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Neg = 0x3E,
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// --- 6.5 Variables ---
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/// Loads a value from a global variable slot.
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/// Operand: slot_index (u32)
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/// Stack: [] -> [value]
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GetGlobal = 0x40,
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/// Stores the top value into a global variable slot.
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/// Operand: slot_index (u32)
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/// Stack: [value] -> []
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SetGlobal = 0x41,
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/// Loads a value from a local variable slot in the current frame.
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/// Operand: slot_index (u32)
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/// Stack: [] -> [value]
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GetLocal = 0x42,
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/// Stores the top value into a local variable slot in the current frame.
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/// Operand: slot_index (u32)
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/// Stack: [value] -> []
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SetLocal = 0x43,
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// --- 6.6 Functions ---
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/// Calls a function at a specific address.
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/// Operands: addr (u32), args_count (u32)
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/// Stack: [arg0, arg1, ...] -> [return_value]
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Call = 0x50,
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/// Returns from the current function.
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/// Stack: [return_val] -> [return_val]
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Ret = 0x51,
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/// Starts a new local scope (for blocks/loops).
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PushScope = 0x52,
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/// Ends the current local scope, discarding its local variables.
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PopScope = 0x53,
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// --- 6.7 Heap ---
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/// Allocates `size` slots on the heap.
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/// Stack: [size] -> [reference]
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Alloc = 0x60,
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/// Reads a value from the heap at `reference + offset`.
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/// Operand: offset (u32)
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/// Stack: [reference] -> [value]
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LoadRef = 0x61,
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/// Writes a value to the heap at `reference + offset`.
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/// Operand: offset (u32)
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/// Stack: [reference, value] -> []
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StoreRef = 0x62,
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// --- 6.8 Peripherals and System ---
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/// Invokes a system function (Firmware/OS).
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/// Operand: syscall_id (u32)
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/// Stack: [args...] -> [results...] (depends on syscall)
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Syscall = 0x70,
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/// Synchronizes the VM with the hardware frame (usually 60Hz).
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/// Execution pauses until the next VSync.
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FrameSync = 0x80,
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}
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impl TryFrom<u16> for OpCode {
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type Error = String;
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fn try_from(value: u16) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
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match value {
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0x00 => Ok(OpCode::Nop),
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0x01 => Ok(OpCode::Halt),
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0x02 => Ok(OpCode::Jmp),
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0x03 => Ok(OpCode::JmpIfFalse),
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0x04 => Ok(OpCode::JmpIfTrue),
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0x05 => Ok(OpCode::Trap),
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0x10 => Ok(OpCode::PushConst),
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0x11 => Ok(OpCode::Pop),
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0x12 => Ok(OpCode::Dup),
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0x13 => Ok(OpCode::Swap),
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0x14 => Ok(OpCode::PushI64),
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0x15 => Ok(OpCode::PushF64),
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0x16 => Ok(OpCode::PushBool),
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0x17 => Ok(OpCode::PushI32),
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0x18 => Ok(OpCode::PopN),
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0x20 => Ok(OpCode::Add),
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0x21 => Ok(OpCode::Sub),
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0x22 => Ok(OpCode::Mul),
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0x23 => Ok(OpCode::Div),
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0x30 => Ok(OpCode::Eq),
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0x31 => Ok(OpCode::Neq),
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0x32 => Ok(OpCode::Lt),
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0x33 => Ok(OpCode::Gt),
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0x34 => Ok(OpCode::And),
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0x35 => Ok(OpCode::Or),
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0x36 => Ok(OpCode::Not),
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0x37 => Ok(OpCode::BitAnd),
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0x38 => Ok(OpCode::BitOr),
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0x39 => Ok(OpCode::BitXor),
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0x3A => Ok(OpCode::Shl),
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0x3B => Ok(OpCode::Shr),
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0x3C => Ok(OpCode::Lte),
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0x3D => Ok(OpCode::Gte),
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0x3E => Ok(OpCode::Neg),
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0x40 => Ok(OpCode::GetGlobal),
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0x41 => Ok(OpCode::SetGlobal),
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0x42 => Ok(OpCode::GetLocal),
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0x43 => Ok(OpCode::SetLocal),
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0x50 => Ok(OpCode::Call),
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0x51 => Ok(OpCode::Ret),
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0x52 => Ok(OpCode::PushScope),
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0x53 => Ok(OpCode::PopScope),
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0x60 => Ok(OpCode::Alloc),
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0x61 => Ok(OpCode::LoadRef),
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0x62 => Ok(OpCode::StoreRef),
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0x70 => Ok(OpCode::Syscall),
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0x80 => Ok(OpCode::FrameSync),
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_ => Err(format!("Invalid OpCode: 0x{:04X}", value)),
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}
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}
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}
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impl OpCode {
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/// Returns the cost of the instruction in VM cycles.
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/// This is used for performance monitoring and resource limiting (Certification).
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pub fn cycles(&self) -> u64 {
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match self {
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OpCode::Nop => 1,
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OpCode::Halt => 1,
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OpCode::Jmp => 2,
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OpCode::JmpIfFalse => 3,
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OpCode::JmpIfTrue => 3,
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OpCode::Trap => 1,
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OpCode::PushConst => 2,
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OpCode::Pop => 1,
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OpCode::PopN => 2,
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OpCode::Dup => 1,
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OpCode::Swap => 1,
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OpCode::PushI64 => 2,
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OpCode::PushF64 => 2,
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OpCode::PushBool => 2,
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OpCode::PushI32 => 2,
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OpCode::Add => 2,
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OpCode::Sub => 2,
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OpCode::Mul => 4,
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OpCode::Div => 6,
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OpCode::Eq => 2,
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OpCode::Neq => 2,
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OpCode::Lt => 2,
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OpCode::Gt => 2,
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OpCode::And => 2,
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OpCode::Or => 2,
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OpCode::Not => 1,
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OpCode::BitAnd => 2,
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OpCode::BitOr => 2,
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OpCode::BitXor => 2,
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OpCode::Shl => 2,
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OpCode::Shr => 2,
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OpCode::Lte => 2,
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OpCode::Gte => 2,
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OpCode::Neg => 1,
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OpCode::GetGlobal => 3,
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OpCode::SetGlobal => 3,
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OpCode::GetLocal => 2,
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OpCode::SetLocal => 2,
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OpCode::Call => 5,
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OpCode::Ret => 4,
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OpCode::PushScope => 3,
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OpCode::PopScope => 3,
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OpCode::Alloc => 10,
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OpCode::LoadRef => 3,
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OpCode::StoreRef => 3,
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OpCode::Syscall => 1,
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OpCode::FrameSync => 1,
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}
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}
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}
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