prometeu-runtime/crates/core/src/peripherals/gfx.rs

use crate::model::{Color, HudTileLayer, ScrollableTileLayer, Sprite, TileBank, TileMap, TileSize};

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum BlendMode {
    /// dst = src
    #[default]
    None,
    /// dst = (src + dst) / 2
    Half,
    /// dst = dst + (src / 2)
    HalfPlus,
    /// dst = dst - (src / 2)
    HalfMinus,
    /// dst = dst + src
    Full,
}

pub struct Gfx {
    w: usize,
    h: usize,
    front: Vec<u16>,
    back: Vec<u16>,

    pub layers: [ScrollableTileLayer; 4],
    pub hud: HudTileLayer,
    pub banks: [Option<TileBank>; 16],
    pub sprites: [Sprite; 512],

    pub scene_fade_level: u8, // 0..31
    pub scene_fade_color: Color,
    pub hud_fade_level: u8, // 0..31
    pub hud_fade_color: Color,
}

impl Gfx {
    pub fn new(w: usize, h: usize) -> Self {
        const EMPTY_BANK: Option<TileBank> = None;
        const EMPTY_SPRITE: Sprite = Sprite {
            tile: crate::model::Tile { id: 0, flip_x: false, flip_y: false, palette_id: 0 },
            x: 0,
            y: 0,
            bank_id: 0,
            active: false,
            flip_x: false,
            flip_y: false,
            priority: 4,
        };

        let len = w * h;
        Self {
            w,
            h,
            front: vec![0; len],
            back: vec![0; len],
            layers: [
                ScrollableTileLayer::new(64, 64, TileSize::Size16),
                ScrollableTileLayer::new(64, 64, TileSize::Size16),
                ScrollableTileLayer::new(64, 64, TileSize::Size16),
                ScrollableTileLayer::new(64, 64, TileSize::Size16),
            ],
            hud: HudTileLayer::new(64, 32),
            banks: [EMPTY_BANK; 16],
            sprites: [EMPTY_SPRITE; 512],
            scene_fade_level: 31,
            scene_fade_color: Color::BLACK,
            hud_fade_level: 31,
            hud_fade_color: Color::BLACK,
        }
    }

    pub fn size(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
        (self.w, self.h)
    }

    /// O buffer que o host deve exibir (RGB565).
    pub fn front_buffer(&self) -> &[u16] {
        &self.front
    }

    pub fn clear(&mut self, color: Color) {
        self.back.fill(color.0);
    }

    /// Retângulo com modo de blend.
    pub fn fill_rect_blend(
        &mut self,
        x: i32,
        y: i32,
        w: i32,
        h: i32,
        color: Color,
        mode: BlendMode,
    ) {
        let fw = self.w as i32;
        let fh = self.h as i32;

        let x0 = x.clamp(0, fw);
        let y0 = y.clamp(0, fh);
        let x1 = (x + w).clamp(0, fw);
        let y1 = (y + h).clamp(0, fh);

        let src = color.0;

        for yy in y0..y1 {
            let row = (yy as usize) * self.w;
            for xx in x0..x1 {
                let idx = row + (xx as usize);
                let dst = self.back[idx];
                self.back[idx] = blend_rgb565(dst, src, mode);
            }
        }
    }

    /// Conveniência: retângulo normal (sem blend).
    pub fn fill_rect(&mut self, x: i32, y: i32, w: i32, h: i32, color: Color) {
        self.fill_rect_blend(x, y, w, h, color, BlendMode::None);
    }

    /// Double buffer swap (O(1), sem cópia de pixels).
    pub fn present(&mut self) {
        std::mem::swap(&mut self.front, &mut self.back);
    }

    /// Pipeline principal de renderização do frame.
    /// Segue a ordem de prioridade do manual (Capítulo 4.11).
    pub fn render_all(&mut self) {
        // 0. Fase de Preparação: Organiza quem deve ser desenhado em cada camada
        // Criamos listas de índices para evitar percorrer os 512 sprites 5 vezes
        let mut priority_buckets: [Vec<usize>; 5] = [
            Vec::with_capacity(128),
            Vec::with_capacity(128),
            Vec::with_capacity(128),
            Vec::with_capacity(128),
            Vec::with_capacity(128),
        ];

        for (idx, sprite) in self.sprites.iter().enumerate() {
            if sprite.active && sprite.priority < 5 {
                priority_buckets[sprite.priority as usize].push(idx);
            }
        }

        // 1. Sprites de prioridade 0 (Atrás da Layer 0 - o fundo do fundo)
        self.draw_bucket(&priority_buckets[0]);

        for i in 0..self.layers.len() {
            // 2. Layers de jogo (0 a 3)
            self.render_layer(i);
            // 3. Sprites de acordo com prioridade
            // i=0 desenha sprites priority 1 (sobre layer 0)
            // i=1 desenha sprites priority 2 (sobre layer 1)
            // i=2 desenha sprites priority 3 (sobre layer 2)
            // i=3 desenha sprites priority 4 (sobre layer 3 - à frente de tudo)
            self.draw_bucket(&priority_buckets[i + 1]);
        }

        // 4. Aplica Scene Fade (Afeta tudo desenhado até agora)
        Self::apply_fade_to_buffer(&mut self.back, self.scene_fade_level, self.scene_fade_color);

        // 5. HUD (Sempre por cima)
        self.render_hud();

        // 6. Aplica HUD Fade (Opcional, apenas para o HUD)
        Self::apply_fade_to_buffer(&mut self.back, self.hud_fade_level, self.hud_fade_color);
    }

    pub fn render_layer(&mut self, layer_idx: usize) {
        if layer_idx >= self.layers.len() { return; }

        let bank_id = self.layers[layer_idx].bank_id as usize;
        let scroll_x = self.layers[layer_idx].scroll_x;
        let scroll_y = self.layers[layer_idx].scroll_y;

        let bank = match self.banks.get(bank_id) {
            Some(Some(b)) => b,
            _ => return,
        };

        Self::draw_tile_map(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.layers[layer_idx].map, bank, scroll_x, scroll_y);
    }

    /// Renderiza o HUD (sem scroll).
    pub fn render_hud(&mut self) {
        let bank_id = self.hud.bank_id as usize;
        let bank = match self.banks.get(bank_id) {
            Some(Some(b)) => b,
            _ => return,
        };

        Self::draw_tile_map(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.hud.map, bank, 0, 0);
    }

    fn draw_tile_map(
        back: &mut [u16],
        screen_w: usize,
        screen_h: usize,
        map: &TileMap,
        bank: &TileBank,
        scroll_x: i32,
        scroll_y: i32
    ) {
        let tile_size = bank.tile_size as usize;

        // 1. Calcular quantos tiles cabem na tela (com margem de 1 para o scroll)
        let visible_tiles_x = (screen_w / tile_size) + 1;
        let visible_tiles_y = (screen_h / tile_size) + 1;

        // 2. Calcular o offset inicial (onde o primeiro tile começa a ser desenhado)
        let start_tile_x = scroll_x / tile_size as i32;
        let start_tile_y = scroll_y / tile_size as i32;

        let fine_scroll_x = scroll_x % tile_size as i32;
        let fine_scroll_y = scroll_y % tile_size as i32;

        // 3. Loop por Tile (Muito mais eficiente)
        for ty in 0..visible_tiles_y {
            for tx in 0..visible_tiles_x {
                let map_x = (start_tile_x + tx as i32) as usize;
                let map_y = (start_tile_y + ty as i32) as usize;

                // Skip se estiver fora dos limites do mapa
                if map_x >= map.width || map_y >= map.height { continue; }

                let tile = map.tiles[map_y * map.width + map_x];
                if tile.id == 0 { continue; }

                // 4. Desenha o bloco do tile na tela
                let screen_tile_x = (tx as i32 * tile_size as i32) - fine_scroll_x;
                let screen_tile_y = (ty as i32 * tile_size as i32) - fine_scroll_y;

                Self::draw_tile_pixels(back, screen_w, screen_h, screen_tile_x, screen_tile_y, tile, bank);
            }
        }
    }

    // Função auxiliar para desenhar um bloco de 8x8, 16x16 ou 32x32 pixels
    fn draw_tile_pixels(back: &mut [u16], screen_w: usize, screen_h: usize, x: i32, y: i32, tile: crate::model::Tile, bank: &TileBank) {
        let size = bank.tile_size as usize;

        for local_y in 0..size {
            let world_y = y + local_y as i32;
            if world_y < 0 || world_y >= screen_h as i32 { continue; }

            for local_x in 0..size {
                let world_x = x + local_x as i32;
                if world_x < 0 || world_x >= screen_w as i32 { continue; }

                let fetch_x = if tile.flip_x { size - 1 - local_x } else { local_x };
                let fetch_y = if tile.flip_y { size - 1 - local_y } else { local_y };

                // 1. Pega o índice do pixel no banco
                let px_index = bank.get_pixel_index(tile.id, fetch_x, fetch_y);

                // 2. Regra: Índice 0 é transparente
                if px_index == 0 { continue; }

                // 3. Resolve a cor usando a paleta do tile
                let color = bank.resolve_color(tile.palette_id, px_index);

                back[world_y as usize * screen_w + world_x as usize] = color.raw();
            }
        }
    }

    fn draw_bucket(&mut self, bucket: &[usize]) {
        for &idx in bucket {
            let sprite = &self.sprites[idx];
            let bank = match self.banks.get(sprite.bank_id as usize) {
                Some(Some(b)) => b,
                _ => continue,
            };

            Self::draw_sprite_pixel_by_pixel(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, sprite, bank);
        }
    }

    fn draw_sprite_pixel_by_pixel(
        back: &mut [u16],
        screen_w: usize,
        screen_h: usize,
        sprite: &Sprite,
        bank: &TileBank
    ) {
        // ... (mesmo cálculo de bounds/clipping que já tínhamos) ...
        let size = bank.tile_size as usize;
        let start_x = sprite.x.max(0);
        let start_y = sprite.y.max(0);
        let end_x = (sprite.x + size as i32).min(screen_w as i32);
        let end_y = (sprite.y + size as i32).min(screen_h as i32);

        for world_y in start_y..end_y {
            for world_x in start_x..end_x {
                let local_x = (world_x - sprite.x) as usize;
                let local_y = (world_y - sprite.y) as usize;

                let fetch_x = if sprite.flip_x { size - 1 - local_x } else { local_x };
                let fetch_y = if sprite.flip_y { size - 1 - local_y } else { local_y };

                // 1. Pega o índice
                let px_index = bank.get_pixel_index(sprite.tile.id, fetch_x, fetch_y);

                // 2. Transparência
                if px_index == 0 { continue; }

                // 3. Resolve cor via paleta (do tile dentro do sprite)
                let color = bank.resolve_color(sprite.tile.palette_id, px_index);

                back[world_y as usize * screen_w + world_x as usize] = color.raw();
            }
        }
    }

    /// Aplica o efeito de fade em todo o back buffer.
    /// level: 0 (cor total) até 31 (visível)
    fn apply_fade_to_buffer(back: &mut [u16], level: u8, fade_color: Color) {
        if level >= 31 { return; } // Totalmente visível, pula processamento

        let weight = level as u16;
        let inv_weight = 31 - weight;
        let (fr, fg, fb) = Color::unpack_to_native(fade_color.0);

        for px in back.iter_mut() {
            let (sr, sg, sb) = Color::unpack_to_native(*px);

            // Fórmula: (src * weight + fade * inv_weight) / 31
            let r = ((sr as u16 * weight + fr as u16 * inv_weight) / 31) as u8;
            let g = ((sg as u16 * weight + fg as u16 * inv_weight) / 31) as u8;
            let b = ((sb as u16 * weight + fb as u16 * inv_weight) / 31) as u8;

            *px = Color::pack_from_native(r, g, b);
        }
    }

    /// Retorna o uso real de memória das estruturas gráficas em bytes.
    /// Reflete os buffers de índices, paletas e OAM conforme Capítulo 10.8.
    pub fn memory_usage_bytes(&self) -> usize {
        let mut total = 0;

        // 1. Framebuffers (Front + Back)
        // Cada um é Vec<u16>, ocupando 2 bytes por pixel.
        total += self.front.len() * 2;
        total += self.back.len() * 2;

        // 2. Tile Layers (4 Game Layers)
        for layer in &self.layers {
            // Tamanho da struct + os dados do mapa (Vec<Tile>)
            total += std::mem::size_of::<ScrollableTileLayer>();
            total += layer.map.tiles.len() * std::mem::size_of::<crate::model::Tile>();
        }

        // 3. HUD Layer
        total += std::mem::size_of::<HudTileLayer>();
        total += self.hud.map.tiles.len() * std::mem::size_of::<crate::model::Tile>();

        // 4. Tile Banks (Assets e Paletas)
        for bank_opt in &self.banks {
            if let Some(bank) = bank_opt {
                total += std::mem::size_of::<TileBank>();

                // Buffer de Índices (pixel_indices: Vec<u8>)
                // Cada pixel ocupa exatamente 1 byte.
                total += bank.pixel_indices.len();

                // Tabela de Paletas (palettes: [[u16; 16]; 256])
                // 256 paletas * 16 cores * 2 bytes cada.
                total += 256 * 16 * 2;
            }
        }

        // 5. Sprites (OAM)
        // Array fixo de 512 Sprites.
        total += self.sprites.len() * std::mem::size_of::<crate::model::Sprite>();

        total
    }
}

/// Faz blend em RGB565 por canal com saturação.
/// `dst` e `src` são pixels RGB565 (u16).
fn blend_rgb565(dst: u16, src: u16, mode: BlendMode) -> u16 {
    match mode {
        BlendMode::None => src,

        BlendMode::Half => {
            let (dr, dg, db) = Color::unpack_to_native(dst);
            let (sr, sg, sb) = Color::unpack_to_native(src);
            let r = ((dr as u16 + sr as u16) >> 1) as u8;
            let g = ((dg as u16 + sg as u16) >> 1) as u8;
            let b = ((db as u16 + sb as u16) >> 1) as u8;
            Color::pack_from_native(r, g, b)
        }

        BlendMode::HalfPlus => {
            let (dr, dg, db) = Color::unpack_to_native(dst);
            let (sr, sg, sb) = Color::unpack_to_native(src);

            let r = (dr as u16 + ((sr as u16) >> 1)).min(31) as u8;
            let g = (dg as u16 + ((sg as u16) >> 1)).min(63) as u8;
            let b = (db as u16 + ((sb as u16) >> 1)).min(31) as u8;

            Color::pack_from_native(r, g, b)
        }

        BlendMode::HalfMinus => {
            let (dr, dg, db) = Color::unpack_to_native(dst);
            let (sr, sg, sb) = Color::unpack_to_native(src);

            let r = (dr as i16 - ((sr as i16) >> 1)).max(0) as u8;
            let g = (dg as i16 - ((sg as i16) >> 1)).max(0) as u8;
            let b = (db as i16 - ((sb as i16) >> 1)).max(0) as u8;

            Color::pack_from_native(r, g, b)
        }

        BlendMode::Full => {
            let (dr, dg, db) = Color::unpack_to_native(dst);
            let (sr, sg, sb) = Color::unpack_to_native(src);

            let r = (dr as u16 + sr as u16).min(31) as u8;
            let g = (dg as u16 + sg as u16).min(63) as u8;
            let b = (db as u16 + sb as u16).min(31) as u8;

            Color::pack_from_native(r, g, b)
        }
    }
}