crates/prometeu-core/src/hardware/asset.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,97 @@
+use crate::hardware::memory_banks::GfxTileBankPoolInstaller;
+use crate::model::{AssetEntry, BankStats, BankType, Color, HandleId, LoadStatus, SlotRef, SlotStats, TileBank, TileSize};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock, Mutex};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
 use std::thread;
-use crate::model::{AssetEntry, BankType, BankStats, LoadStatus, SlotRef, SlotStats, TileBank, TileSize, Color, HandleId};
-use crate::hardware::MemoryBanks;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+/// Resident metadata for a decoded/materialized asset inside a BankPolicy.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ResidentEntry<T> {
+    /// The resident, materialized object.
+    pub value: Arc<T>,
+
+    /// Resident size in bytes (post-decode). Used for telemetry/budgets.
+    pub bytes: usize,
+
+    // /// Pin count (optional): if > 0, entry should not be evicted by policy.
+    // pub pins: u32,
+
+    /// Telemetry / profiling fields (optional but useful).
+    pub loads: u64,
+    pub last_used: Instant,
+}
+
+impl<T> ResidentEntry<T> {
+    pub fn new(value: Arc<T>, bytes: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value,
+            bytes,
+            // pins: 0,
+            loads: 1,
+            last_used: Instant::now(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Encapsulates the residency and staging policy for a specific type of asset.
+/// This is internal to the AssetManager and not visible to peripherals.
+pub struct BankPolicy<T> {
+    /// Dedup table: asset_id -> resident entry (value + telemetry).
+    resident: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, ResidentEntry<T>>>>,
+
+    /// Staging area: handle -> value ready to commit.
+    staging: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<HandleId, Arc<T>>>>,
+}
+
+impl<T> BankPolicy<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            resident: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
+            staging: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Try get a resident value by asset_id (dedupe path).
+    pub fn get_resident(&self, asset_id: &str) -> Option<Arc<T>> {
+        let mut map = self.resident.write().unwrap();
+        let entry = map.get_mut(asset_id)?;
+        entry.last_used = Instant::now();
+        Some(Arc::clone(&entry.value))
+    }
+
+    /// Insert or reuse a resident entry. Returns the resident Arc<T>.
+    pub fn put_resident(&self, asset_id: String, value: Arc<T>, bytes: usize) -> Arc<T> {
+        let mut map = self.resident.write().unwrap();
+        match map.get_mut(&asset_id) {
+            Some(existing) => {
+                existing.last_used = Instant::now();
+                existing.loads += 1;
+                Arc::clone(&existing.value)
+            }
+            None => {
+                let entry = ResidentEntry::new(Arc::clone(&value), bytes);
+                map.insert(asset_id, entry);
+                value
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Place a value into staging for a given handle.
+    pub fn stage(&self, handle: HandleId, value: Arc<T>) {
+        self.staging.write().unwrap().insert(handle, value);
+    }
+
+    /// Take staged value (used by commit path).
+    pub fn take_staging(&self, handle: HandleId) -> Option<Arc<T>> {
+        self.staging.write().unwrap().remove(&handle)
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        self.resident.write().unwrap().clear();
+        self.staging.write().unwrap().clear();
+    }
+}
 
 pub struct AssetManager {
     assets: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, AssetEntry>>>,
@@ -10,7 +99,14 @@ pub struct AssetManager {
     next_handle_id: Mutex<HandleId>,
     assets_data: Arc<RwLock<Vec<u8>>>,
 
-    pub memory_banks: Arc<MemoryBanks>,
+    /// Narrow hardware interfaces
+    gfx_installer: Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolInstaller>,
+
+    /// Track what is installed in each hardware slot (for stats/info).
+    gfx_slots: Arc<RwLock<[Option<String>; 16]>>,
+
+    /// Residency policy for GFX tile banks.
+    gfx_policy: BankPolicy<TileBank>,
 
     // Commits that are ready to be applied at the next frame boundary.
     pending_commits: Mutex<Vec<HandleId>>,
@@ -22,14 +118,12 @@ struct LoadHandleInfo {
     status: LoadStatus,
 }
 
-impl Default for AssetManager {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::new(vec![], vec![], Arc::new(MemoryBanks::new()))
-    }
-}
-
 impl AssetManager {
-    pub fn new(assets: Vec<AssetEntry>, assets_data: Vec<u8>, memory_banks: Arc<MemoryBanks>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        assets: Vec<AssetEntry>, 
+        assets_data: Vec<u8>, 
+        gfx_installer: Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolInstaller>,
+    ) -> Self {
         let mut asset_map = HashMap::new();
         for entry in assets {
             asset_map.insert(entry.asset_id.clone(), entry);
@@ -37,7 +131,9 @@ impl AssetManager {
 
         Self {
             assets: Arc::new(RwLock::new(asset_map)),
-            memory_banks,
+            gfx_installer,
+            gfx_slots: Arc::new(RwLock::new(std::array::from_fn(|_| None))),
+            gfx_policy: BankPolicy::new(),
             handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
             next_handle_id: Mutex::new(1),
             assets_data: Arc::new(RwLock::new(assets_data)),
@@ -70,14 +166,14 @@ impl AssetManager {
         *next_id += 1;
 
         // Check if already resident
-        if let Some(bank) = self.memory_banks.gfx.get_resident(asset_id) {
+        if let Some(bank) = self.gfx_policy.get_resident(asset_id) {
             // Dedup: already resident
             self.handles.write().unwrap().insert(handle_id, LoadHandleInfo {
                 _asset_id: asset_id.to_string(),
                 slot,
                 status: LoadStatus::READY,
             });
-            self.memory_banks.gfx.stage(handle_id, bank);
+            self.gfx_policy.stage(handle_id, bank);
             return Ok(handle_id);
         }
 
@@ -88,7 +184,8 @@ impl AssetManager {
             status: LoadStatus::PENDING,
         });
 
-        let memory_banks = Arc::clone(&self.memory_banks);
+        let gfx_policy_resident = Arc::clone(&self.gfx_policy.resident);
+        let gfx_policy_staging = Arc::clone(&self.gfx_policy.staging);
         let handles = self.handles.clone();
         let assets_data = self.assets_data.clone();
         let entry_clone = entry.clone();
@@ -118,10 +215,24 @@ impl AssetManager {
                     let bank_arc = Arc::new(tilebank);
                     
                     // Insert or reuse a resident entry (dedup)
-                    let resident_arc = memory_banks.gfx.put_resident(asset_id_clone, bank_arc, entry_clone.decoded_size as usize);
+                    let resident_arc = {
+                        let mut map = gfx_policy_resident.write().unwrap();
+                        match map.get_mut(&asset_id_clone) {
+                            Some(existing) => {
+                                existing.last_used = Instant::now();
+                                existing.loads += 1;
+                                Arc::clone(&existing.value)
+                            }
+                            None => {
+                                let entry = ResidentEntry::new(Arc::clone(&bank_arc), entry_clone.decoded_size as usize);
+                                map.insert(asset_id_clone, entry);
+                                bank_arc
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
 
                     // Add to staging
-                    memory_banks.gfx.stage(handle_id, resident_arc);
+                    gfx_policy_staging.write().unwrap().insert(handle_id, resident_arc);
 
                     // Update status to READY
                     let mut handles_map = handles.write().unwrap();
@@ -216,17 +327,13 @@ impl AssetManager {
             match h.status {
                 LoadStatus::PENDING | LoadStatus::LOADING | LoadStatus::READY => {
                     h.status = LoadStatus::CANCELED;
-                    // We don't actually stop the worker thread if it's already LOADING,
-                    // but we will ignore its result when it finishes.
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
-        self.memory_banks.gfx.take_staging(handle);
+        self.gfx_policy.take_staging(handle);
     }
 
-    /// Collects all pending commits and returns them.
-    /// This is called at the frame boundary to apply the changes to the hardware.
     pub fn apply_commits(&self) {
         let mut pending = self.pending_commits.lock().unwrap();
         let mut handles = self.handles.write().unwrap();
@@ -234,9 +341,15 @@ impl AssetManager {
         for handle_id in pending.drain(..) {
             if let Some(h) = handles.get_mut(&handle_id) {
                 if h.status == LoadStatus::READY {
-                    if let Some(bank) = self.memory_banks.gfx.take_staging(handle_id) {
+                    if let Some(bank) = self.gfx_policy.take_staging(handle_id) {
                         if h.slot.asset_type == BankType::TILES {
-                            self.memory_banks.gfx.install(h.slot.index, bank);
+                            self.gfx_installer.install_tilebank(h.slot.index, bank);
+                            
+                            // Update internal tracking of what's in the slot
+                            let mut slots = self.gfx_slots.write().unwrap();
+                            if h.slot.index < slots.len() {
+                                slots[h.slot.index] = Some(h._asset_id.clone());
+                            }
                         }
                         h.status = LoadStatus::COMMITTED;
                     }
@@ -245,12 +358,12 @@ impl AssetManager {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn bank_info(&self, kind: BankType, _gfx_banks: &[Option<Arc<TileBank>>; 16]) -> BankStats {
+    pub fn bank_info(&self, kind: BankType) -> BankStats {
         match kind {
             BankType::TILES => {
                 let mut used_bytes = 0;
                 {
-                    let resident = self.memory_banks.gfx.resident.read().unwrap();
+                    let resident = self.gfx_policy.resident.read().unwrap();
                     for entry in resident.values() {
                         used_bytes += entry.bytes;
                     }
@@ -258,11 +371,10 @@ impl AssetManager {
 
                 let mut inflight_bytes = 0;
                 {
-                    let staging = self.memory_banks.gfx.staging.read().unwrap();
+                    let staging = self.gfx_policy.staging.read().unwrap();
                     let assets = self.assets.read().unwrap();
                     let handles = self.handles.read().unwrap();
                     
-                    // This is a bit complex because we need to map handle -> asset_id -> decoded_size
                     for (handle_id, _) in staging.iter() {
                         if let Some(h) = handles.get(handle_id) {
                             if let Some(entry) = assets.get(&h._asset_id) {
@@ -273,7 +385,7 @@ impl AssetManager {
                 }
 
                 BankStats {
-                    total_bytes: 16 * 1024 * 1024, // 16MB budget (arbitrary for now)
+                    total_bytes: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
                     used_bytes,
                     free_bytes: (16usize * 1024 * 1024).saturating_sub(used_bytes),
                     inflight_bytes,
@@ -283,111 +395,48 @@ impl AssetManager {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn slot_info(&self, slot: SlotRef, gfx_banks: &[Option<Arc<TileBank>>; 16]) -> SlotStats {
+    pub fn slot_info(&self, slot: SlotRef) -> SlotStats {
         match slot.asset_type {
             BankType::TILES => {
-                if let Some(Some(bank)) = gfx_banks.get(slot.index) {
-                    // We need asset_id.
-                    // Let's find it in resident entries.
-                    let resident = self.memory_banks.gfx.resident.read().unwrap();
-                    let (asset_id, bytes) = resident.iter()
-                        .find(|(_, entry)| Arc::ptr_eq(&entry.value, bank))
-                        .map(|(id, entry)| (Some(id.clone()), entry.bytes))
-                        .unwrap_or((None, 0));
-
-                    SlotStats {
-                        asset_id,
-                        generation: 0, // generation not yet implemented
-                        resident_bytes: bytes,
-                    }
+                let slots = self.gfx_slots.read().unwrap();
+                let asset_id = slots.get(slot.index).and_then(|s| s.clone());
+                
+                let bytes = if let Some(id) = &asset_id {
+                    self.gfx_policy.resident.read().unwrap()
+                        .get(id)
+                        .map(|entry| entry.bytes)
+                        .unwrap_or(0)
                 } else {
-                    SlotStats {
-                        asset_id: None,
-                        generation: 0,
-                        resident_bytes: 0,
-                    }
+                    0
+                };
+
+                SlotStats {
+                    asset_id,
+                    generation: 0,
+                    resident_bytes: bytes,
                 }
             }
         }
     }
     
     pub fn shutdown(&self) {
-        self.memory_banks.gfx.resident.write().unwrap().clear();
-        self.memory_banks.gfx.staging.write().unwrap().clear();
+        self.gfx_policy.clear();
         self.handles.write().unwrap().clear();
         self.pending_commits.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        // gfx_pool is cleared by Hardware when it owns Gfx
+        self.gfx_slots.write().unwrap().fill(None);
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use std::time::Instant;
+    use crate::hardware::memory_banks::{GfxTileBankPoolAccess, MemoryBanks};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_asset_loading_flow() {
         let banks = Arc::new(MemoryBanks::new());
-        // Mock data for a 16x16 tilebank (256 pixels) + 2048 bytes of palette
-        let mut data = vec![1u8; 256]; // all pixel indices are 1
-        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 2048]); // all colors are BLACK (0,0)
+        let gfx_installer = Arc::clone(&banks) as Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolInstaller>;
 
-        let asset_entry = AssetEntry {
-            asset_id: "test_tiles".to_string(),
-            bank_type: BankType::TILES,
-            offset: 0,
-            size: data.len() as u64,
-            decoded_size: data.len() as u64,
-            codec: "RAW".to_string(),
-            metadata: serde_json::json!({
-                "tile_size": 16,
-                "width": 16,
-                "height": 16
-            }),
-        };
-
-        let am = AssetManager::new(vec![asset_entry], data, Arc::clone(&banks));
-        let slot = SlotRef::gfx(0);
-        
-        let handle = am.load("test_tiles", slot).expect("Should start loading");
-        
-        // Wait for loading to finish (since it's a thread)
-        let mut status = am.status(handle);
-        let start = Instant::now();
-        while status != LoadStatus::READY && start.elapsed().as_secs() < 5 {
-            thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
-            status = am.status(handle);
-        }
-        
-        assert_eq!(status, LoadStatus::READY);
-        
-        // Check staging
-        {
-            let staging = am.memory_banks.gfx.staging.read().unwrap();
-            assert!(staging.contains_key(&handle));
-        }
-
-        // Commit
-        am.commit(handle);
-        
-        const EMPTY_BANK: Option<Arc<TileBank>> = None;
-        let mut gfx_banks = [EMPTY_BANK; 16];
-        am.apply_commits();
-        
-        // Let's verify if it's installed in the shared pool
-        {
-            let pool = am.memory_banks.gfx.pool.read().unwrap();
-            assert!(pool[0].is_some());
-            gfx_banks[0] = pool[0].clone();
-        }
-
-        assert_eq!(am.status(handle), LoadStatus::COMMITTED);
-        assert!(gfx_banks[0].is_some());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_asset_dedup() {
-        let banks = Arc::new(MemoryBanks::new());
         let mut data = vec![1u8; 256];
         data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 2048]);
 
@@ -405,23 +454,66 @@ mod tests {
             }),
         };
 
-        let am = AssetManager::new(vec![asset_entry], data, Arc::clone(&banks));
+        let am = AssetManager::new(vec![asset_entry], data, gfx_installer);
+        let slot = SlotRef::gfx(0);
+        
+        let handle = am.load("test_tiles", slot).expect("Should start loading");
+        
+        let mut status = am.status(handle);
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        while status != LoadStatus::READY && start.elapsed().as_secs() < 5 {
+            thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+            status = am.status(handle);
+        }
+        
+        assert_eq!(status, LoadStatus::READY);
+        
+        {
+            let staging = am.gfx_policy.staging.read().unwrap();
+            assert!(staging.contains_key(&handle));
+        }
+
+        am.commit(handle);
+        am.apply_commits();
+        
+        assert_eq!(am.status(handle), LoadStatus::COMMITTED);
+        assert!(banks.tilebank_slot(0).is_some());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_asset_dedup() {
+        let banks = Arc::new(MemoryBanks::new());
+        let gfx_installer = Arc::clone(&banks) as Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolInstaller>;
+
+        let mut data = vec![1u8; 256];
+        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 2048]);
+
+        let asset_entry = AssetEntry {
+            asset_id: "test_tiles".to_string(),
+            bank_type: BankType::TILES,
+            offset: 0,
+            size: data.len() as u64,
+            decoded_size: data.len() as u64,
+            codec: "RAW".to_string(),
+            metadata: serde_json::json!({
+                "tile_size": 16,
+                "width": 16,
+                "height": 16
+            }),
+        };
+
+        let am = AssetManager::new(vec![asset_entry], data, gfx_installer);
         
-        // Load once
         let handle1 = am.load("test_tiles", SlotRef::gfx(0)).unwrap();
         let start = Instant::now();
         while am.status(handle1) != LoadStatus::READY && start.elapsed().as_secs() < 5 {
             thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
         }
         
-        // Load again into another slot
         let handle2 = am.load("test_tiles", SlotRef::gfx(1)).unwrap();
-        
-        // Second load should be READY immediately (or very fast) because of dedup
         assert_eq!(am.status(handle2), LoadStatus::READY);
 
-        // Check that both handles point to the same Arc
-        let staging = am.memory_banks.gfx.staging.read().unwrap();
+        let staging = am.gfx_policy.staging.read().unwrap();
         let bank1 = staging.get(&handle1).unwrap();
         let bank2 = staging.get(&handle2).unwrap();
         assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(bank1, bank2));

crates/prometeu-core/src/hardware/gfx.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::hardware::MemoryBanks;
+use crate::hardware::memory_banks::GfxTileBankPoolAccess;
 use crate::model::{Color, HudTileLayer, ScrollableTileLayer, Sprite, TileBank, TileMap, TileSize};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ pub struct Gfx {
     pub layers: [ScrollableTileLayer; 4],
     /// 1 fixed layer for User Interface.
     pub hud: HudTileLayer,
-    /// Memory banks containing graphical assets.
-    pub memory_banks: Arc<MemoryBanks>,
+    /// Interface to access graphical memory banks.
+    pub tile_banks: Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolAccess>,
     /// Hardware sprites (Object Attribute Memory equivalent).
     pub sprites: [Sprite; 512],
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub struct Gfx {
 
 impl Gfx {
     /// Initializes the graphics system with a specific resolution and shared memory banks.
-    pub fn new(w: usize, h: usize, memory_banks: Arc<MemoryBanks>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(w: usize, h: usize, tile_banks: Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolAccess>) -> Self {
         const EMPTY_SPRITE: Sprite = Sprite {
             tile: crate::model::Tile { id: 0, flip_x: false, flip_y: false, palette_id: 0 },
             x: 0,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl Gfx {
             back: vec![0; len],
             layers,
             hud: HudTileLayer::new(64, 32),
-            memory_banks,
+            tile_banks,
             sprites: [EMPTY_SPRITE; 512],
             scene_fade_level: 31,
             scene_fade_color: Color::BLACK,
@@ -327,29 +327,26 @@ impl Gfx {
             }
         }
 
-        let pool_guard = self.memory_banks.gfx.pool.read().unwrap();
-        let pool = &*pool_guard;
-
         // 1. Priority 0 sprites: drawn at the very back, behind everything else.
-        Self::draw_bucket_on_buffer(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.priority_buckets[0], &self.sprites, pool);
+        Self::draw_bucket_on_buffer(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.priority_buckets[0], &self.sprites, &*self.tile_banks);
 
         // 2. Main layers and prioritized sprites.
         // Order: Layer 0 -> Sprites 1 -> Layer 1 -> Sprites 2 ...
         for i in 0..self.layers.len() {
             let bank_id = self.layers[i].bank_id as usize;
-            if let Some(Some(bank)) = pool.get(bank_id) {
-                Self::draw_tile_map(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.layers[i].map, bank, self.layers[i].scroll_x, self.layers[i].scroll_y);
+            if let Some(bank) = self.tile_banks.tilebank_slot(bank_id) {
+                Self::draw_tile_map(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.layers[i].map, &bank, self.layers[i].scroll_x, self.layers[i].scroll_y);
             }
 
             // Draw sprites that belong to this depth level
-            Self::draw_bucket_on_buffer(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.priority_buckets[i + 1], &self.sprites, pool);
+            Self::draw_bucket_on_buffer(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.priority_buckets[i + 1], &self.sprites, &*self.tile_banks);
         }
 
         // 4. Scene Fade: Applies a color blend to the entire world (excluding HUD).
         Self::apply_fade_to_buffer(&mut self.back, self.scene_fade_level, self.scene_fade_color);
 
         // 5. HUD: The fixed interface layer, always drawn on top of the world.
-        Self::render_hud_with_pool(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.hud, pool);
+        Self::render_hud_with_pool(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.hud, &*self.tile_banks);
 
         // 6. HUD Fade: Independent fade effect for the UI.
         Self::apply_fade_to_buffer(&mut self.back, self.hud_fade_level, self.hud_fade_color);
@@ -363,29 +360,27 @@ impl Gfx {
         let scroll_x = self.layers[layer_idx].scroll_x;
         let scroll_y = self.layers[layer_idx].scroll_y;
 
-        let pool = self.memory_banks.gfx.pool.read().unwrap();
-        let bank = match pool.get(bank_id) {
-            Some(Some(b)) => b,
+        let bank = match self.tile_banks.tilebank_slot(bank_id) {
+            Some(b) => b,
             _ => return,
         };
 
-        Self::draw_tile_map(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.layers[layer_idx].map, bank, scroll_x, scroll_y);
+        Self::draw_tile_map(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.layers[layer_idx].map, &bank, scroll_x, scroll_y);
     }
 
     /// Renders the HUD (fixed position, no scroll).
     pub fn render_hud(&mut self) {
-        let pool = self.memory_banks.gfx.pool.read().unwrap();
-        Self::render_hud_with_pool(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.hud, &*pool);
+        Self::render_hud_with_pool(&mut self.back, self.w, self.h, &self.hud, &*self.tile_banks);
     }
 
-    fn render_hud_with_pool(back: &mut [u16], w: usize, h: usize, hud: &HudTileLayer, pool: &[Option<Arc<TileBank>>; 16]) {
+    fn render_hud_with_pool(back: &mut [u16], w: usize, h: usize, hud: &HudTileLayer, tile_banks: &dyn GfxTileBankPoolAccess) {
         let bank_id = hud.bank_id as usize;
-        let bank = match pool.get(bank_id) {
-            Some(Some(b)) => b,
+        let bank = match tile_banks.tilebank_slot(bank_id) {
+            Some(b) => b,
             _ => return,
         };
 
-        Self::draw_tile_map(back, w, h, &hud.map, bank, 0, 0);
+        Self::draw_tile_map(back, w, h, &hud.map, &bank, 0, 0);
     }
 
     /// Rasterizes a TileMap into the provided pixel buffer using scrolling.
@@ -473,13 +468,13 @@ impl Gfx {
         screen_h: usize,
         bucket: &[usize],
         sprites: &[Sprite],
-        banks: &[Option<Arc<TileBank>>],
+        tile_banks: &dyn GfxTileBankPoolAccess,
     ) {
         for &idx in bucket {
             let s = &sprites[idx];
             let bank_id = s.bank_id as usize;
-            if let Some(Some(bank)) = banks.get(bank_id) {
-                Self::draw_sprite_pixel_by_pixel(back, screen_w, screen_h, s, bank);
+            if let Some(bank) = tile_banks.tilebank_slot(bank_id) {
+                Self::draw_sprite_pixel_by_pixel(back, screen_w, screen_h, s, &bank);
             }
         }
     }

crates/prometeu-core/src/hardware/hardware.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use crate::hardware::{AssetManager, Audio, Gfx, HardwareBridge, Pad, Touch, MemoryBanks};
+use crate::hardware::memory_banks::{GfxTileBankPoolAccess, GfxTileBankPoolInstaller};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 /// Aggregate structure for all virtual hardware peripherals.
@@ -50,11 +51,15 @@ impl Hardware {
         let memory_banks = Arc::new(MemoryBanks::new());
         Self {
             memory_banks: Arc::clone(&memory_banks),
-            gfx: Gfx::new(Self::W, Self::H, Arc::clone(&memory_banks)),
+            gfx: Gfx::new(Self::W, Self::H, Arc::clone(&memory_banks) as Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolAccess>),
             audio: Audio::new(),
             pad: Pad::default(),
             touch: Touch::default(),
-            assets: AssetManager::new(vec![], vec![], Arc::clone(&memory_banks)),
+            assets: AssetManager::new(
+                vec![], 
+                vec![], 
+                Arc::clone(&memory_banks) as Arc<dyn GfxTileBankPoolInstaller>,
+            ),
         }
     }
 }

crates/prometeu-core/src/hardware/memory_banks.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,54 @@
-use crate::model::{Bank, TileBank};
+use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use crate::model::TileBank;
+
+/// Non-generic interface for peripherals to access graphical tile banks.
+pub trait GfxTileBankPoolAccess: Send + Sync {
+    /// Returns a reference to the resident TileBank in the specified slot, if any.
+    fn tilebank_slot(&self, slot: usize) -> Option<Arc<TileBank>>;
+    /// Returns the total number of slots available in this bank.
+    fn tilebank_slot_count(&self) -> usize;
+}
+
+/// Non-generic interface for the AssetManager to install graphical tile banks.
+pub trait GfxTileBankPoolInstaller: Send + Sync {
+    /// Atomically swaps the resident TileBank in the specified slot.
+    fn install_tilebank(&self, slot: usize, bank: Arc<TileBank>);
+}
 
 /// Centralized container for all hardware memory banks.
 /// 
-/// This structure owns the actual residency pools, staging areas, and 
-/// deduplication tables for different types of hardware assets. 
-/// It is shared between the AssetManager (writer) and hardware 
-/// consumers like Gfx (reader).
+/// MemoryBanks represents the actual hardware slot state.
+/// Peripherals consume this state via narrow, non-generic traits.
+/// AssetManager coordinates residency and installs assets into these slots.
 pub struct MemoryBanks {
-    /// Graphical tile banks.
-    pub gfx: Bank<TileBank, 16>,
-    // In the future, add other banks here:
-    // pub audio: Bank<SoundBank, 32>,
-    // pub blobs: Bank<Blob, 8>,
+    gfx_tilebank_pool: Arc<RwLock<[Option<Arc<TileBank>>; 16]>>,
 }
 
 impl MemoryBanks {
-    /// Creates a new, empty set of memory banks.
+    /// Creates a new set of memory banks with empty slots.
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
-            gfx: Bank::new(),
+            gfx_tilebank_pool: Arc::new(RwLock::new(std::array::from_fn(|_| None))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GfxTileBankPoolAccess for MemoryBanks {
+    fn tilebank_slot(&self, slot: usize) -> Option<Arc<TileBank>> {
+        let pool = self.gfx_tilebank_pool.read().unwrap();
+        pool.get(slot).and_then(|s| s.as_ref().map(Arc::clone))
+    }
+
+    fn tilebank_slot_count(&self) -> usize {
+        16
+    }
+}
+
+impl GfxTileBankPoolInstaller for MemoryBanks {
+    fn install_tilebank(&self, slot: usize, bank: Arc<TileBank>) {
+        let mut pool = self.gfx_tilebank_pool.write().unwrap();
+        if slot < 16 {
+            pool[slot] = Some(bank);
         }
     }
 }

crates/prometeu-core/src/model/asset.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
-use std::time::Instant;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 pub type HandleId = u32;
@@ -65,121 +62,3 @@ impl SlotRef {
         }
     }
 }
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ResidentEntry<T> {
-    /// The resident, materialized object.
-    pub value: Arc<T>,
-
-    /// Resident size in bytes (post-decode). Used for telemetry/budgets.
-    pub bytes: usize,
-
-    /// Pin count (optional): if > 0, entry should not be evicted by policy.
-    pub pins: u32,
-
-    /// Telemetry / profiling fields (optional but useful).
-    pub loads: u64,
-    pub last_used: Instant,
-}
-
-impl<T> ResidentEntry<T> {
-    pub fn new(value: Arc<T>, bytes: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            value,
-            bytes,
-            pins: 0,
-            loads: 1,
-            last_used: Instant::now(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct Bank<T, const S: usize> {
-    /// Dedup table: asset_id -> resident entry (value + telemetry).
-    pub resident: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, ResidentEntry<T>>>>,
-
-    /// Slot pool: hardware-visible residency pointers.
-    pub pool: Arc<RwLock<[Option<Arc<T>>; S]>>,
-
-    /// Staging area: handle -> value ready to commit.
-    pub staging: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<HandleId, Arc<T>>>>,
-}
-
-impl<T, const S: usize> Bank<T, S> {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            resident: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
-            pool: Arc::new(RwLock::new(std::array::from_fn(|_| None))),
-            staging: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Try get a resident value by asset_id (dedupe path).
-    pub fn get_resident(&self, asset_id: &str) -> Option<Arc<T>> {
-        let mut map = self.resident.write().unwrap();
-        let entry = map.get_mut(asset_id)?;
-        entry.last_used = Instant::now();
-        Some(Arc::clone(&entry.value))
-    }
-
-    /// Insert or reuse a resident entry. Returns the resident Arc<T>.
-    /// - If already resident, updates telemetry and returns existing value.
-    /// - If new, inserts ResidentEntry and returns inserted value.
-    pub fn put_resident(&self, asset_id: String, value: Arc<T>, bytes: usize) -> Arc<T> {
-        let mut map = self.resident.write().unwrap();
-        match map.get_mut(&asset_id) {
-            Some(existing) => {
-                existing.last_used = Instant::now();
-                existing.loads += 1;
-                Arc::clone(&existing.value)
-            }
-            None => {
-                let entry = ResidentEntry::new(Arc::clone(&value), bytes);
-                map.insert(asset_id, entry);
-                value
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Place a value into staging for a given handle.
-    pub fn stage(&self, handle: HandleId, value: Arc<T>) {
-        self.staging.write().unwrap().insert(handle, value);
-    }
-
-    /// Take staged value (used by commit path).
-    pub fn take_staging(&self, handle: HandleId) -> Option<Arc<T>> {
-        self.staging.write().unwrap().remove(&handle)
-    }
-
-    /// Install (commit) a value into a slot (pointer swap).
-    pub fn install(&self, slot: usize, value: Arc<T>) {
-        let mut pool = self.pool.write().unwrap();
-        if slot < S {
-            pool[slot] = Some(value);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Read current slot value (if any).
-    pub fn slot_current(&self, slot: usize) -> Option<Arc<T>> {
-        if slot < S {
-            self.pool.read().unwrap()[slot].as_ref().map(Arc::clone)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Optional: pin/unpin API (future eviction policy support).
-    pub fn pin(&self, asset_id: &str) {
-        if let Some(e) = self.resident.write().unwrap().get_mut(asset_id) {
-            e.pins = e.pins.saturating_add(1);
-            e.last_used = Instant::now();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn unpin(&self, asset_id: &str) {
-        if let Some(e) = self.resident.write().unwrap().get_mut(asset_id) {
-            e.pins = e.pins.saturating_sub(1);
-            e.last_used = Instant::now();
-        }
-    }
-}

crates/prometeu-core/src/model/mod.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ mod cartridge;
 mod cartridge_loader;
 mod window;
 
-pub use asset::{AssetEntry, BankType, BankStats, LoadStatus, SlotRef, SlotStats, HandleId, Bank, ResidentEntry};
+pub use asset::{AssetEntry, BankType, BankStats, LoadStatus, SlotRef, SlotStats, HandleId};
 pub use button::{Button, ButtonId};
 pub use cartridge::{AppMode, Cartridge, CartridgeDTO, CartridgeError};
 pub use cartridge_loader::{CartridgeLoader, DirectoryCartridgeLoader, PackedCartridgeLoader};

crates/prometeu-core/src/prometeu_os/prometeu_os.rs

@@ -918,8 +918,7 @@ impl NativeInterface for PrometeuOS {
                     0 => crate::model::BankType::TILES,
                     _ => return Err("Invalid asset type".to_string()),
                 };
-                let pool = hw.memory_banks().gfx.pool.read().unwrap();
-                let info = hw.assets().bank_info(asset_type, &*pool);
+                let info = hw.assets().bank_info(asset_type);
                 let json = serde_json::to_string(&info).unwrap_or_default();
                 vm.push(Value::String(json));
                 Ok(500)
@@ -932,8 +931,7 @@ impl NativeInterface for PrometeuOS {
                     _ => return Err("Invalid asset type".to_string()),
                 };
                 let slot = crate::model::SlotRef { asset_type, index: slot_index };
-                let pool = hw.memory_banks().gfx.pool.read().unwrap();
-                let info = hw.assets().slot_info(slot, &*pool);
+                let info = hw.assets().slot_info(slot);
                 let json = serde_json::to_string(&info).unwrap_or_default();
                 vm.push(Value::String(json));
                 Ok(500)