crates/console/prometeu-hal/src/lib.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub use native_interface::{NativeInterface, SyscallId};
 pub use pad_bridge::PadBridge;
 pub use render_submission::{
     BoundScenePacket, Camera2D, ComposerFramePacket, FrameId, Game2DFramePacket, GameSpritePacket,
-    Gfx2dCommand, GfxUiCommand, HudCommand, HudPacket, RenderSubmission, RenderSubmissionPacket,
-    ShellUiFramePacket,
+    Gfx2dCommand, GfxUiCommand, HudCommand, HudPacket, RenderOwnership, RenderSubmission,
+    RenderSubmissionPacket, ShellUiFramePacket,
 };
 pub use touch_bridge::TouchBridge;

crates/console/prometeu-hal/src/render_submission.rs

@@ -25,16 +25,32 @@ impl FrameId {
 pub struct RenderSubmission {
     pub frame_id: FrameId,
     pub app_mode: AppMode,
+    pub ownership: RenderOwnership,
     pub packet: RenderSubmissionPacket,
 }
 
 impl RenderSubmission {
     pub const fn game2d(frame_id: FrameId, packet: Game2DFramePacket) -> Self {
-        Self { frame_id, app_mode: AppMode::Game, packet: RenderSubmissionPacket::Game2D(packet) }
+        Self {
+            frame_id,
+            app_mode: AppMode::Game,
+            ownership: RenderOwnership::new(0, AppMode::Game, 0),
+            packet: RenderSubmissionPacket::Game2D(packet),
+        }
     }
 
     pub const fn shell_ui(frame_id: FrameId, packet: ShellUiFramePacket) -> Self {
-        Self { frame_id, app_mode: AppMode::Shell, packet: RenderSubmissionPacket::ShellUi(packet) }
+        Self {
+            frame_id,
+            app_mode: AppMode::Shell,
+            ownership: RenderOwnership::new(0, AppMode::Shell, 0),
+            packet: RenderSubmissionPacket::ShellUi(packet),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn with_ownership(mut self, ownership: RenderOwnership) -> Self {
+        self.ownership = ownership;
+        self
     }
 
     pub const fn is_coherent(&self) -> bool {
@@ -46,6 +62,19 @@ impl RenderSubmission {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RenderOwnership {
+    pub epoch: u64,
+    pub app_mode: AppMode,
+    pub app_id: u32,
+}
+
+impl RenderOwnership {
+    pub const fn new(epoch: u64, app_mode: AppMode, app_id: u32) -> Self {
+        Self { epoch, app_mode, app_id }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum RenderSubmissionPacket {
     Game2D(Game2DFramePacket),
@@ -164,12 +193,21 @@ mod tests {
         let submission = RenderSubmission {
             frame_id: FrameId::new(1),
             app_mode: AppMode::Game,
+            ownership: RenderOwnership::new(0, AppMode::Game, 0),
             packet: RenderSubmissionPacket::ShellUi(ShellUiFramePacket::new(Vec::new())),
         };
 
         assert!(!submission.is_coherent());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn ownership_can_be_stamped_by_runtime() {
+        let submission = RenderSubmission::game2d(FrameId::new(3), Game2DFramePacket::default())
+            .with_ownership(RenderOwnership::new(9, AppMode::Game, 42));
+
+        assert_eq!(submission.ownership, RenderOwnership::new(9, AppMode::Game, 42));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn closed_submission_owns_command_payload() {
         let mut commands = vec![Gfx2dCommand::DrawText {

crates/console/prometeu-system/src/services/vm_runtime/lifecycle.rs

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl VirtualMachineRuntime {
                 self.current_cartridge_title = cartridge.title.clone();
                 self.current_cartridge_app_version = cartridge.app_version.clone();
                 self.current_cartridge_app_mode = cartridge.app_mode;
-                self.render_manager.set_active_app_mode(cartridge.app_mode);
+                self.render_manager.transition_render_owner(cartridge.app_mode, cartridge.app_id);
                 Ok(())
             }
             Err(e) => {

crates/console/prometeu-system/src/services/vm_runtime/render_manager.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use prometeu_hal::app_mode::AppMode;
 use prometeu_hal::{
-    FrameId, Game2DFramePacket, RenderSubmission, RenderSubmissionPacket, ShellUiFramePacket,
+    FrameId, Game2DFramePacket, RenderOwnership, RenderSubmission, RenderSubmissionPacket,
+    ShellUiFramePacket,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum RenderTransitionState {
     Idle,
-    Pending { from: AppMode, to: AppMode },
+    Pending { from: RenderOwnership, to: RenderOwnership },
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ pub struct RenderHandoff {
     last_consumed: Option<RenderSubmission>,
     replaced_before_consume: u64,
     discarded_pending: u64,
+    stale_epoch_discards: u64,
 }
 
 impl RenderHandoff {
@@ -89,6 +91,11 @@ impl RenderHandoff {
         self.last_consumed = Some(submission);
     }
 
+    pub fn record_stale_epoch_discard(&mut self, submission: RenderSubmission) {
+        self.stale_epoch_discards = self.stale_epoch_discards.wrapping_add(1);
+        self.last_consumed = Some(submission);
+    }
+
     pub fn discard_pending(&mut self) -> Option<RenderSubmission> {
         let discarded = self.pending.take();
         if discarded.is_some() {
@@ -104,11 +111,17 @@ impl RenderHandoff {
     pub fn discarded_pending(&self) -> u64 {
         self.discarded_pending
     }
+
+    pub fn stale_epoch_discards(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.stale_epoch_discards
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct RenderManager {
     active_app_mode: AppMode,
+    active_app_id: u32,
+    active_ownership: RenderOwnership,
     active_policy: RenderPolicy,
     next_frame_id: FrameId,
     handoff: RenderHandoff,
@@ -119,6 +132,8 @@ impl RenderManager {
     pub fn new(active_app_mode: AppMode) -> Self {
         Self {
             active_app_mode,
+            active_app_id: 0,
+            active_ownership: RenderOwnership::new(0, active_app_mode, 0),
             active_policy: RenderPolicy::for_app_mode(active_app_mode),
             next_frame_id: FrameId::ZERO,
             handoff: RenderHandoff::default(),
@@ -130,6 +145,10 @@ impl RenderManager {
         self.active_app_mode
     }
 
+    pub fn active_ownership(&self) -> RenderOwnership {
+        self.active_ownership
+    }
+
     pub fn active_render_policy(&self) -> RenderPolicy {
         self.active_policy
     }
@@ -158,19 +177,31 @@ impl RenderManager {
         self.handoff.discarded_pending()
     }
 
+    pub fn stale_epoch_discards(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.handoff.stale_epoch_discards()
+    }
+
     pub fn discard_pending_submission(&mut self) -> Option<RenderSubmission> {
         self.handoff.discard_pending()
     }
 
     pub fn set_active_app_mode(&mut self, app_mode: AppMode) {
-        if self.active_app_mode == app_mode {
+        self.transition_render_owner(app_mode, self.active_app_id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn transition_render_owner(&mut self, app_mode: AppMode, app_id: u32) {
+        if self.active_app_mode == app_mode && self.active_app_id == app_id {
             return;
         }
 
-        let previous = self.active_app_mode;
+        let previous = self.active_ownership;
         self.active_app_mode = app_mode;
+        self.active_app_id = app_id;
+        self.active_ownership =
+            RenderOwnership::new(self.active_ownership.epoch.wrapping_add(1), app_mode, app_id);
         self.active_policy = RenderPolicy::for_app_mode(app_mode);
-        self.transition_state = RenderTransitionState::Pending { from: previous, to: app_mode };
+        self.transition_state =
+            RenderTransitionState::Pending { from: previous, to: self.active_ownership };
     }
 
     pub fn acknowledge_transition(&mut self) {
@@ -184,10 +215,10 @@ impl RenderManager {
         let frame_id = self.next_frame_id;
         let submission = match (self.active_app_mode, packet) {
             (AppMode::Game, RenderSubmissionPacket::Game2D(packet)) => {
-                RenderSubmission::game2d(frame_id, packet)
+                RenderSubmission::game2d(frame_id, packet).with_ownership(self.active_ownership)
             }
             (AppMode::Shell, RenderSubmissionPacket::ShellUi(packet)) => {
-                RenderSubmission::shell_ui(frame_id, packet)
+                RenderSubmission::shell_ui(frame_id, packet).with_ownership(self.active_ownership)
             }
             (active, _) => {
                 return Err(RenderSubmissionError::PacketAppModeMismatch { active });
@@ -212,6 +243,10 @@ impl RenderManager {
         let Some(submission) = self.handoff.take_latest() else {
             return false;
         };
+        if submission.ownership != self.active_ownership {
+            self.handoff.record_stale_epoch_discard(submission);
+            return false;
+        }
         surface.consume_submission(&submission);
         self.handoff.record_consumed(submission);
         true
@@ -277,19 +312,45 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn app_mode_switch_records_noop_transition_placeholder() {
         let mut manager = RenderManager::new(AppMode::Game);
+        let previous = manager.active_ownership();
 
         manager.set_active_app_mode(AppMode::Shell);
 
         assert_eq!(manager.active_app_mode(), AppMode::Shell);
         assert_eq!(
             manager.transition_state(),
-            RenderTransitionState::Pending { from: AppMode::Game, to: AppMode::Shell }
+            RenderTransitionState::Pending {
+                from: previous,
+                to: RenderOwnership::new(1, AppMode::Shell, 0)
+            }
         );
 
         manager.acknowledge_transition();
         assert_eq!(manager.transition_state(), RenderTransitionState::Idle);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn transition_render_owner_increments_epoch_for_same_mode_app_swap() {
+        let mut manager = RenderManager::new(AppMode::Game);
+
+        manager.transition_render_owner(AppMode::Game, 7);
+        let first_owner = manager.active_ownership();
+        manager.transition_render_owner(AppMode::Game, 8);
+
+        assert_eq!(first_owner, RenderOwnership::new(1, AppMode::Game, 7));
+        assert_eq!(manager.active_ownership(), RenderOwnership::new(2, AppMode::Game, 8));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn close_frame_stamps_submission_with_active_ownership() {
+        let mut manager = RenderManager::new(AppMode::Game);
+        manager.transition_render_owner(AppMode::Game, 42);
+
+        let submission = manager.close_compat_frame();
+
+        assert_eq!(submission.ownership, RenderOwnership::new(1, AppMode::Game, 42));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn render_policy_maps_game_to_frame_scheduled_worker_capable() {
         let policy = RenderPolicy::for_app_mode(AppMode::Game);
@@ -382,4 +443,21 @@ mod tests {
             FrameId::ZERO
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn publish_latest_discards_stale_epoch_before_present() {
+        let mut manager = RenderManager::new(AppMode::Game);
+        let mut surface = RecordingSurface::default();
+
+        manager.close_compat_frame();
+        manager.transition_render_owner(AppMode::Shell, 1);
+
+        assert!(!manager.publish_latest(&mut surface));
+        assert!(surface.seen.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(manager.stale_epoch_discards(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            manager.latest_complete_submission().expect("stale consumed for diagnostics").ownership,
+            RenderOwnership::new(0, AppMode::Game, 0)
+        );
+    }
 }

crates/console/prometeu-system/src/services/vm_runtime/tick.rs

@@ -241,7 +241,10 @@ impl VirtualMachineRuntime {
                     if run.reason == LogicalFrameEndingReason::FrameSync
                         || run.reason == LogicalFrameEndingReason::EndOfRom
                     {
-                        self.render_manager.set_active_app_mode(self.current_cartridge_app_mode);
+                        self.render_manager.transition_render_owner(
+                            self.current_cartridge_app_mode,
+                            self.current_app_id,
+                        );
                         if self.current_cartridge_app_mode == AppMode::Game {
                             let mut packet = hw.close_game2d_packet();
                             packet.gfx2d = std::mem::take(&mut self.gfx2d_commands);

discussion/index.ndjson

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {"type":"meta","next_id":{"DSC":42,"AGD":42,"DEC":32,"PLN":98,"LSN":48,"CLSN":1}}
 {"type":"discussion","id":"DSC-0039","status":"abandoned","ticket":"render-pipeline-family-and-future-3d","title":"Render Pipeline Family and Future 3D","created_at":"2026-06-04","updated_at":"2026-06-04","tags":["gfx","renderer","runtime","architecture","pipeline"],"agendas":[{"id":"AGD-0039","file":"AGD-0039-render-pipeline-family-and-future-3d.md","status":"abandoned","created_at":"2026-06-04","updated_at":"2026-06-04","_override_reason":"User explicitly chose to close this agenda without a new decision because DSC-0038 already established enough architecture for future extension, and 3D is intentionally deferred."}],"decisions":[],"plans":[],"lessons":[],"_override_reason":"User explicitly chose to close this agenda without a new decision because DSC-0038 already established enough architecture for future extension, and 3D is intentionally deferred."}
-{"type":"discussion","id":"DSC-0040","status":"in_progress","ticket":"vm-render-parallel-execution-boundary","title":"VM and Render Parallel Execution Boundary","created_at":"2026-06-04","updated_at":"2026-06-05","tags":["runtime","renderer","vm","concurrency","architecture","perf"],"agendas":[{"id":"AGD-0040","file":"AGD-0040-vm-and-render-parallel-execution-boundary.md","status":"accepted","created_at":"2026-06-04","updated_at":"2026-06-05"}],"decisions":[{"id":"DEC-0031","file":"DEC-0031-vm-and-render-parallel-execution-boundary.md","status":"accepted","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_agenda":"AGD-0040"}],"plans":[{"id":"PLN-0087","file":"PLN-0087-fix-game2d-packet-overlay-composition.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0088","file":"PLN-0088-define-read-only-render-resource-boundary.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0089","file":"PLN-0089-introduce-render-handoff-abstraction.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0090","file":"PLN-0090-add-render-frame-pacing-contract.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0091","file":"PLN-0091-implement-appmode-render-policy-matrix.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0092","file":"PLN-0092-add-render-epoch-ownership-transitions.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0093","file":"PLN-0093-add-render-telemetry-counters-and-events.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0094","file":"PLN-0094-specify-async-render-boundary.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0095","file":"PLN-0095-prototype-local-render-worker-capability.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0096","file":"PLN-0096-define-render-shutdown-and-failure-handling.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0097","file":"PLN-0097-add-async-render-integration-test-matrix.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]}],"lessons":[]}
+{"type":"discussion","id":"DSC-0040","status":"in_progress","ticket":"vm-render-parallel-execution-boundary","title":"VM and Render Parallel Execution Boundary","created_at":"2026-06-04","updated_at":"2026-06-05","tags":["runtime","renderer","vm","concurrency","architecture","perf"],"agendas":[{"id":"AGD-0040","file":"AGD-0040-vm-and-render-parallel-execution-boundary.md","status":"accepted","created_at":"2026-06-04","updated_at":"2026-06-05"}],"decisions":[{"id":"DEC-0031","file":"DEC-0031-vm-and-render-parallel-execution-boundary.md","status":"accepted","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_agenda":"AGD-0040"}],"plans":[{"id":"PLN-0087","file":"PLN-0087-fix-game2d-packet-overlay-composition.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0088","file":"PLN-0088-define-read-only-render-resource-boundary.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0089","file":"PLN-0089-introduce-render-handoff-abstraction.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0090","file":"PLN-0090-add-render-frame-pacing-contract.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0091","file":"PLN-0091-implement-appmode-render-policy-matrix.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0092","file":"PLN-0092-add-render-epoch-ownership-transitions.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0093","file":"PLN-0093-add-render-telemetry-counters-and-events.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0094","file":"PLN-0094-specify-async-render-boundary.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0095","file":"PLN-0095-prototype-local-render-worker-capability.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0096","file":"PLN-0096-define-render-shutdown-and-failure-handling.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]},{"id":"PLN-0097","file":"PLN-0097-add-async-render-integration-test-matrix.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","ref_decisions":["DEC-0031"]}],"lessons":[]}
 {"type":"discussion","id":"DSC-0041","status":"open","ticket":"foreground-stack-game-pause-shell-vm-backed","title":"Foreground Stack, Game Pause, and VM-Backed Shell Coexistence","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05","tags":["runtime","os","lifecycle","shell","game","vm","foreground","architecture"],"agendas":[{"id":"AGD-0041","file":"AGD-0041-foreground-stack-game-pause-shell-vm-backed.md","status":"open","created_at":"2026-06-05","updated_at":"2026-06-05"}],"decisions":[],"plans":[],"lessons":[]}
 {"type":"discussion","id":"DSC-0038","status":"done","ticket":"render-frame-packet-boundary","title":"Logical Render Pipelines and Command Packets","created_at":"2026-05-25","updated_at":"2026-06-04","tags":["gfx","renderer","runtime","frame-composer","architecture","ui","pipeline"],"agendas":[],"decisions":[],"plans":[],"lessons":[{"id":"LSN-0047","file":"discussion/lessons/DSC-0038-render-frame-packet-boundary/LSN-0047-typed-render-submissions-preserve-domain-boundaries.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-06-04","updated_at":"2026-06-04"}]}
 {"type":"discussion","id":"DSC-0035","status":"done","ticket":"task-owned-shell-windows","title":"Agenda - Task-Owned Shell Windows","created_at":"2026-05-15","updated_at":"2026-05-15","tags":["runtime","os","task","window-manager","shell","lifecycle"],"agendas":[],"decisions":[],"plans":[],"lessons":[{"id":"LSN-0044","file":"discussion/lessons/DSC-0035-task-owned-shell-windows/LSN-0044-task-window-liveness-belongs-to-the-task.md","status":"done","created_at":"2026-05-15","updated_at":"2026-05-15"}]}

discussion/workflow/plans/PLN-0092-add-render-epoch-ownership-transitions.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 id: PLN-0092
 ticket: vm-render-parallel-execution-boundary
 title: Add Render Epoch Ownership Transitions
-status: open
+status: done
 created: 2026-06-05
 ref_decisions: [DEC-0031]
 tags: [runtime, lifecycle, render-epoch, ownership]