diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/ast.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/ast.rs
index 3fbb07ff..d65e44d2 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/ast.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/ast.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ pub enum Node {
     WhenArm(WhenArmNode),
     TypeName(TypeNameNode),
     TypeApp(TypeAppNode),
+    Alloc(AllocNode),
+    Mutate(MutateNode),
+    Borrow(BorrowNode),
+    Peek(PeekNode),
+    MemberAccess(MemberAccessNode),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ pub struct TypeDeclNode {
     pub vis: Option<String>,
     pub type_kind: String, // "struct" | "contract" | "error"
     pub name: String,
+    pub is_host: bool,
     pub body: Box<Node>, // TypeBody
 }
 
@@ -228,3 +234,40 @@ pub struct TypeAppNode {
     pub base: String,
     pub args: Vec<Node>,
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AllocNode {
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub ty: Box<Node>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct MutateNode {
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub target: Box<Node>,
+    pub binding: String,
+    pub body: Box<Node>, // BlockNode
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct BorrowNode {
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub target: Box<Node>,
+    pub binding: String,
+    pub body: Box<Node>, // BlockNode
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct PeekNode {
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub target: Box<Node>,
+    pub binding: String,
+    pub body: Box<Node>, // BlockNode
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct MemberAccessNode {
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub object: Box<Node>,
+    pub member: String,
+}
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/contracts.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/contracts.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..542a3971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/contracts.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+pub struct ContractRegistry {
+    mappings: HashMap<String, HashMap<String, u32>>,
+}
+
+impl ContractRegistry {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut mappings = HashMap::new();
+
+        // GFX mappings
+        let mut gfx = HashMap::new();
+        gfx.insert("clear".to_string(), 0x1001);
+        gfx.insert("fillRect".to_string(), 0x1002);
+        gfx.insert("drawLine".to_string(), 0x1003);
+        gfx.insert("drawCircle".to_string(), 0x1004);
+        gfx.insert("drawDisc".to_string(), 0x1005);
+        gfx.insert("drawSquare".to_string(), 0x1006);
+        gfx.insert("setSprite".to_string(), 0x1007);
+        gfx.insert("drawText".to_string(), 0x1008);
+        mappings.insert("Gfx".to_string(), gfx);
+
+        // Input mappings
+        let mut input = HashMap::new();
+        input.insert("getPad".to_string(), 0x2001);
+        input.insert("getPadPressed".to_string(), 0x2002);
+        input.insert("getPadReleased".to_string(), 0x2003);
+        input.insert("getPadHold".to_string(), 0x2004);
+        mappings.insert("Input".to_string(), input);
+
+        // Touch mappings
+        let mut touch = HashMap::new();
+        touch.insert("getX".to_string(), 0x2101);
+        touch.insert("getY".to_string(), 0x2102);
+        touch.insert("isDown".to_string(), 0x2103);
+        touch.insert("isPressed".to_string(), 0x2104);
+        touch.insert("isReleased".to_string(), 0x2105);
+        touch.insert("getHold".to_string(), 0x2106);
+        mappings.insert("Touch".to_string(), touch);
+
+        // Audio mappings
+        let mut audio = HashMap::new();
+        audio.insert("playSample".to_string(), 0x3001);
+        audio.insert("play".to_string(), 0x3002);
+        mappings.insert("Audio".to_string(), audio);
+
+        // FS mappings
+        let mut fs = HashMap::new();
+        fs.insert("open".to_string(), 0x4001);
+        fs.insert("read".to_string(), 0x4002);
+        fs.insert("write".to_string(), 0x4003);
+        fs.insert("close".to_string(), 0x4004);
+        fs.insert("listDir".to_string(), 0x4005);
+        fs.insert("exists".to_string(), 0x4006);
+        fs.insert("delete".to_string(), 0x4007);
+        mappings.insert("Fs".to_string(), fs);
+
+        // Log mappings
+        let mut log = HashMap::new();
+        log.insert("write".to_string(), 0x5001);
+        log.insert("writeTag".to_string(), 0x5002);
+        mappings.insert("Log".to_string(), log);
+
+        Self { mappings }
+    }
+
+    pub fn resolve(&self, contract: &str, method: &str) -> Option<u32> {
+        self.mappings.get(contract).and_then(|m| m.get(method)).copied()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/lowering.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/lowering.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3982730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/lowering.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+use crate::frontends::pbs::ast::*;
+use crate::frontends::pbs::symbols::*;
+use crate::frontends::pbs::contracts::ContractRegistry;
+use crate::ir_core;
+use crate::ir_core::ids::FunctionId;
+use crate::ir_core::{Block, Function, Instr, Module, Param, Program, Terminator, Type};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+pub struct Lowerer<'a> {
+    _module_symbols: &'a ModuleSymbols,
+    program: Program,
+    current_function: Option<Function>,
+    current_block: Option<Block>,
+    next_block_id: u32,
+    next_func_id: u32,
+    local_vars: Vec<HashMap<String, u32>>,
+    function_ids: HashMap<String, FunctionId>,
+    contract_registry: ContractRegistry,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Lowerer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(module_symbols: &'a ModuleSymbols) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            _module_symbols: module_symbols,
+            program: Program {
+                const_pool: ir_core::ConstPool::new(),
+                modules: Vec::new(),
+            },
+            current_function: None,
+            current_block: None,
+            next_block_id: 0,
+            next_func_id: 1,
+            local_vars: Vec::new(),
+            function_ids: HashMap::new(),
+            contract_registry: ContractRegistry::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn lower_file(mut self, file: &FileNode, module_name: &str) -> Program {
+        // Pre-scan for function declarations to assign IDs
+        for decl in &file.decls {
+            if let Node::FnDecl(n) = decl {
+                let id = FunctionId(self.next_func_id);
+                self.next_func_id += 1;
+                self.function_ids.insert(n.name.clone(), id);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut module = Module {
+            name: module_name.to_string(),
+            functions: Vec::new(),
+        };
+
+        for decl in &file.decls {
+            match decl {
+                Node::FnDecl(fn_decl) => {
+                    let func = self.lower_function(fn_decl);
+                    module.functions.push(func);
+                }
+                _ => {} // Other declarations not handled for now
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.program.modules.push(module);
+        self.program
+    }
+
+    fn lower_function(&mut self, n: &FnDeclNode) -> Function {
+        let func_id = *self.function_ids.get(&n.name).unwrap();
+        self.next_block_id = 0;
+        self.local_vars = vec![HashMap::new()];
+
+        let mut params = Vec::new();
+        for (i, param) in n.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            let ty = self.lower_type_node(&param.ty);
+            params.push(Param {
+                name: param.name.clone(),
+                ty: ty.clone(),
+            });
+            self.local_vars[0].insert(param.name.clone(), i as u32);
+        }
+
+        let ret_ty = if let Some(ret) = &n.ret {
+            self.lower_type_node(ret)
+        } else {
+            Type::Void
+        };
+
+        let func = Function {
+            id: func_id,
+            name: n.name.clone(),
+            params,
+            return_type: ret_ty,
+            blocks: Vec::new(),
+        };
+
+        self.current_function = Some(func);
+        self.start_block();
+        self.lower_node(&n.body);
+        
+        // Ensure every function ends with a return if not already terminated
+        if let Some(mut block) = self.current_block.take() {
+            if !matches!(block.terminator, Terminator::Return | Terminator::Jump(_) | Terminator::JumpIfFalse { .. }) {
+                block.terminator = Terminator::Return;
+            }
+            if let Some(func) = &mut self.current_function {
+                func.blocks.push(block);
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.current_function.take().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn lower_node(&mut self, node: &Node) {
+        match node {
+            Node::Block(n) => self.lower_block(n),
+            Node::LetStmt(n) => self.lower_let_stmt(n),
+            Node::ExprStmt(n) => self.lower_node(&n.expr),
+            Node::ReturnStmt(n) => self.lower_return_stmt(n),
+            Node::IntLit(n) => {
+                let id = self.program.const_pool.add_int(n.value);
+                self.emit(Instr::PushConst(id));
+            }
+            Node::FloatLit(n) => {
+                let id = self.program.const_pool.add_float(n.value);
+                self.emit(Instr::PushConst(id));
+            }
+            Node::StringLit(n) => {
+                let id = self.program.const_pool.add_string(n.value.clone());
+                self.emit(Instr::PushConst(id));
+            }
+            Node::Ident(n) => self.lower_ident(n),
+            Node::Call(n) => self.lower_call(n),
+            Node::Binary(n) => self.lower_binary(n),
+            Node::Unary(n) => self.lower_unary(n),
+            Node::IfExpr(n) => self.lower_if_expr(n),
+            Node::Alloc(n) => self.lower_alloc(n),
+            Node::Mutate(n) => self.lower_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, true),
+            Node::Borrow(n) => self.lower_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, false),
+            Node::Peek(n) => self.lower_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, false),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn lower_alloc(&mut self, _n: &AllocNode) {
+        // Allocation: Push type descriptor? For v0 just emit Alloc
+        self.emit(Instr::Alloc);
+    }
+
+    fn lower_hip(&mut self, _span: crate::common::spans::Span, target: &Node, binding: &str, body: &Node, is_mutate: bool) {
+        // HIP Access Pattern:
+        // 1. Evaluate target (gate)
+        self.lower_node(target);
+        // 2. ReadGate (pops gate, pushes reference/value)
+        self.emit(Instr::ReadGate);
+        // 3. Bind to local
+        let slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
+        self.local_vars.push(HashMap::new());
+        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(binding.to_string(), slot);
+        self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(slot));
+        
+        // 4. Body
+        self.lower_node(body);
+
+        // 5. Cleanup / WriteBack
+        if is_mutate {
+            // Need the gate again? This is IR-design dependent. 
+            // Let's assume WriteGate pops value and use some internal mechanism for gate.
+            self.emit(Instr::GetLocal(slot));
+            self.emit(Instr::WriteGate);
+        }
+
+        self.local_vars.pop();
+    }
+
+    fn lower_block(&mut self, n: &BlockNode) {
+        self.local_vars.push(HashMap::new());
+        for stmt in &n.stmts {
+            self.lower_node(stmt);
+        }
+        if let Some(tail) = &n.tail {
+            self.lower_node(tail);
+        }
+        self.local_vars.pop();
+    }
+
+    fn lower_let_stmt(&mut self, n: &LetStmtNode) {
+        self.lower_node(&n.init);
+        let slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
+        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(n.name.clone(), slot);
+        self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(slot));
+    }
+
+    fn lower_return_stmt(&mut self, n: &ReturnStmtNode) {
+        if let Some(expr) = &n.expr {
+            self.lower_node(expr);
+        }
+        self.terminate(Terminator::Return);
+    }
+
+    fn lower_ident(&mut self, n: &IdentNode) {
+        if let Some(slot) = self.lookup_local(&n.name) {
+            self.emit(Instr::GetLocal(slot));
+        } else {
+            // Check if it's a function (for first-class functions if supported)
+            if let Some(_id) = self.function_ids.get(&n.name) {
+                 // Push function reference? Not in v0.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn lower_call(&mut self, n: &CallNode) {
+        for arg in &n.args {
+            self.lower_node(arg);
+        }
+        match &*n.callee {
+            Node::Ident(id_node) => {
+                if let Some(func_id) = self.function_ids.get(&id_node.name) {
+                    self.emit(Instr::Call(*func_id, n.args.len() as u32));
+                } else {
+                    // Unknown function - might be a builtin or diagnostic was missed
+                    self.emit(Instr::Call(FunctionId(0), n.args.len() as u32));
+                }
+            }
+            Node::MemberAccess(ma) => {
+                if let Node::Ident(obj_id) = &*ma.object {
+                    if let Some(syscall_id) = self.contract_registry.resolve(&obj_id.name, &ma.member) {
+                        self.emit(Instr::Syscall(syscall_id));
+                    } else {
+                        // Regular member call (method)
+                        // In v0 we don't handle this yet, so emit dummy call
+                        self.emit(Instr::Call(FunctionId(0), n.args.len() as u32));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    self.emit(Instr::Call(FunctionId(0), n.args.len() as u32));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                self.emit(Instr::Call(FunctionId(0), n.args.len() as u32));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn lower_binary(&mut self, n: &BinaryNode) {
+        self.lower_node(&n.left);
+        self.lower_node(&n.right);
+        match n.op.as_str() {
+            "+" => self.emit(Instr::Add),
+            "-" => self.emit(Instr::Sub),
+            "*" => self.emit(Instr::Mul),
+            "/" => self.emit(Instr::Div),
+            "==" => self.emit(Instr::Eq),
+            "!=" => self.emit(Instr::Neq),
+            "<" => self.emit(Instr::Lt),
+            "<=" => self.emit(Instr::Lte),
+            ">" => self.emit(Instr::Gt),
+            ">=" => self.emit(Instr::Gte),
+            "&&" => self.emit(Instr::And),
+            "||" => self.emit(Instr::Or),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn lower_unary(&mut self, n: &UnaryNode) {
+        self.lower_node(&n.expr);
+        match n.op.as_str() {
+            "-" => self.emit(Instr::Neg),
+            "!" => self.emit(Instr::Not),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn lower_if_expr(&mut self, n: &IfExprNode) {
+        let then_id = self.reserve_block_id();
+        let else_id = self.reserve_block_id();
+        let merge_id = self.reserve_block_id();
+
+        self.lower_node(&n.cond);
+        self.terminate(Terminator::JumpIfFalse {
+            target: else_id,
+            else_target: then_id,
+        });
+
+        // Then block
+        self.start_block_with_id(then_id);
+        self.lower_node(&n.then_block);
+        self.terminate(Terminator::Jump(merge_id));
+
+        // Else block
+        self.start_block_with_id(else_id);
+        if let Some(else_block) = &n.else_block {
+            self.lower_node(else_block);
+        }
+        self.terminate(Terminator::Jump(merge_id));
+
+        // Merge block
+        self.start_block_with_id(merge_id);
+    }
+
+    fn lower_type_node(&self, node: &Node) -> Type {
+        match node {
+            Node::TypeName(n) => match n.name.as_str() {
+                "int" => Type::Int,
+                "float" => Type::Float,
+                "bool" => Type::Bool,
+                "string" => Type::String,
+                "void" => Type::Void,
+                _ => Type::Struct(n.name.clone()),
+            },
+            _ => Type::Void,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn start_block(&mut self) {
+        let id = self.reserve_block_id();
+        self.start_block_with_id(id);
+    }
+
+    fn start_block_with_id(&mut self, id: u32) {
+        if let Some(block) = self.current_block.take() {
+            if let Some(func) = &mut self.current_function {
+                func.blocks.push(block);
+            }
+        }
+        self.current_block = Some(Block {
+            id,
+            instrs: Vec::new(),
+            terminator: Terminator::Return, // Default, will be overwritten
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn reserve_block_id(&mut self) -> u32 {
+        let id = self.next_block_id;
+        self.next_block_id += 1;
+        id
+    }
+
+    fn emit(&mut self, instr: Instr) {
+        if let Some(block) = &mut self.current_block {
+            block.instrs.push(instr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn terminate(&mut self, terminator: Terminator) {
+        if let Some(mut block) = self.current_block.take() {
+            block.terminator = terminator;
+            if let Some(func) = &mut self.current_function {
+                func.blocks.push(block);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_next_local_slot(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.local_vars.iter().map(|s| s.len() as u32).sum()
+    }
+
+    fn lookup_local(&self, name: &str) -> Option<u32> {
+        for scope in self.local_vars.iter().rev() {
+            if let Some(slot) = scope.get(name) {
+                return Some(*slot);
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/mod.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/mod.rs
index cfae1be5..877384c1 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/mod.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ pub mod symbols;
 pub mod collector;
 pub mod resolver;
 pub mod typecheck;
+pub mod lowering;
+pub mod contracts;
 
 pub use lexer::Lexer;
 pub use token::{Token, TokenKind};
@@ -14,11 +16,13 @@ pub use symbols::{Symbol, SymbolTable, ModuleSymbols, Visibility, SymbolKind, Na
 pub use collector::SymbolCollector;
 pub use resolver::{Resolver, ModuleProvider};
 pub use typecheck::TypeChecker;
+pub use lowering::Lowerer;
 
 use crate::common::diagnostics::DiagnosticBundle;
 use crate::common::files::FileManager;
 use crate::frontends::Frontend;
 use crate::ir;
+use crate::lowering::core_to_vm;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 pub struct PbsFrontend;
@@ -56,6 +60,14 @@ impl Frontend for PbsFrontend {
         let mut typechecker = TypeChecker::new(&mut module_symbols, &EmptyProvider);
         typechecker.check(&ast)?;
 
-        Ok(ir::Module::new("dummy".to_string()))
+        // Lower to Core IR
+        let lowerer = Lowerer::new(&module_symbols);
+        let module_name = entry.file_stem().unwrap().to_string_lossy();
+        let core_program = lowerer.lower_file(&ast, &module_name);
+
+        // Lower Core IR to VM IR
+        core_to_vm::lower_program(&core_program).map_err(|e| {
+            DiagnosticBundle::error(format!("Lowering error: {}", e), None)
+        })
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/parser.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/parser.rs
index 23ebb674..96d33f2f 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/parser.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/parser.rs
@@ -215,6 +215,13 @@ impl Parser {
             _ => return Err(self.error("Expected 'struct', 'contract', or 'error'")),
         };
         let name = self.expect_identifier()?;
+
+        let mut is_host = false;
+        if self.peek().kind == TokenKind::Host {
+            self.advance();
+            is_host = true;
+        }
+
         let body = self.parse_type_body()?;
         
         let body_span = body.span();
@@ -223,6 +230,7 @@ impl Parser {
             vis,
             type_kind,
             name,
+            is_host,
             body: Box::new(body),
         }))
     }
@@ -417,6 +425,45 @@ impl Parser {
         }))
     }
 
+    fn parse_alloc(&mut self) -> Result<Node, DiagnosticBundle> {
+        let start_span = self.consume(TokenKind::Alloc)?.span;
+        let ty = self.parse_type_ref()?;
+        Ok(Node::Alloc(AllocNode {
+            span: Span::new(self.file_id, start_span.start, ty.span().end),
+            ty: Box::new(ty),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    fn parse_mutate_borrow_peek(&mut self, kind: TokenKind) -> Result<Node, DiagnosticBundle> {
+        let start_span = self.consume(kind.clone())?.span;
+        let target_expr = self.parse_expr(0)?;
+        
+        let (target, binding) = match target_expr {
+            Node::Cast(cast) => {
+                match *cast.ty {
+                    Node::Ident(id) => (*cast.expr, id.name),
+                    Node::TypeName(tn) => (*cast.expr, tn.name),
+                    _ => return Err(self.error("Expected binding name after 'as'")),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                self.consume(TokenKind::As)?;
+                let binding = self.expect_identifier()?;
+                (target_expr, binding)
+            }
+        };
+
+        let body = self.parse_block()?;
+        let span = Span::new(self.file_id, start_span.start, body.span().end);
+        
+        match kind {
+            TokenKind::Mutate => Ok(Node::Mutate(MutateNode { span, target: Box::new(target), binding, body: Box::new(body) })),
+            TokenKind::Borrow => Ok(Node::Borrow(BorrowNode { span, target: Box::new(target), binding, body: Box::new(body) })),
+            TokenKind::Peek => Ok(Node::Peek(PeekNode { span, target: Box::new(target), binding, body: Box::new(body) })),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn parse_expr(&mut self, min_precedence: u8) -> Result<Node, DiagnosticBundle> {
         let mut left = self.parse_primary()?;
 
@@ -467,6 +514,8 @@ impl Parser {
                         node = self.parse_call(node)?;
                     } else if self.peek().kind == TokenKind::As {
                         node = self.parse_cast(node)?;
+                    } else if self.peek().kind == TokenKind::Dot {
+                        node = self.parse_member_access(node)?;
                     } else {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -488,6 +537,8 @@ impl Parser {
                         node = self.parse_call(node)?;
                     } else if self.peek().kind == TokenKind::As {
                         node = self.parse_cast(node)?;
+                    } else if self.peek().kind == TokenKind::Dot {
+                        node = self.parse_member_access(node)?;
                     } else {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -503,6 +554,10 @@ impl Parser {
             TokenKind::OpenBrace => self.parse_block(),
             TokenKind::If => self.parse_if_expr(),
             TokenKind::When => self.parse_when_expr(),
+            TokenKind::Alloc => self.parse_alloc(),
+            TokenKind::Mutate => self.parse_mutate_borrow_peek(TokenKind::Mutate),
+            TokenKind::Borrow => self.parse_mutate_borrow_peek(TokenKind::Borrow),
+            TokenKind::Peek => self.parse_mutate_borrow_peek(TokenKind::Peek),
             TokenKind::Minus | TokenKind::Not => {
                 self.advance();
                 let op = match tok.kind {
@@ -521,6 +576,16 @@ impl Parser {
         }
     }
 
+    fn parse_member_access(&mut self, object: Node) -> Result<Node, DiagnosticBundle> {
+        self.consume(TokenKind::Dot)?;
+        let member = self.expect_identifier()?;
+        Ok(Node::MemberAccess(MemberAccessNode {
+            span: Span::new(self.file_id, object.span().start, self.tokens[self.pos-1].span.end),
+            object: Box::new(object),
+            member,
+        }))
+    }
+
     fn parse_call(&mut self, callee: Node) -> Result<Node, DiagnosticBundle> {
         self.consume(TokenKind::OpenParen)?;
         let mut args = Vec::new();
@@ -714,6 +779,11 @@ impl Node {
             Node::WhenArm(n) => n.span,
             Node::TypeName(n) => n.span,
             Node::TypeApp(n) => n.span,
+            Node::Alloc(n) => n.span,
+            Node::Mutate(n) => n.span,
+            Node::Borrow(n) => n.span,
+            Node::Peek(n) => n.span,
+            Node::MemberAccess(n) => n.span,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/resolver.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/resolver.rs
index 0aab601e..c0b931e8 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/resolver.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/resolver.rs
@@ -146,6 +146,35 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
                     self.resolve_type_ref(arg);
                 }
             }
+            Node::Alloc(n) => {
+                self.resolve_type_ref(&n.ty);
+            }
+            Node::Mutate(n) => {
+                self.resolve_node(&n.target);
+                self.enter_scope();
+                self.define_local(&n.binding, n.span, SymbolKind::Local);
+                self.resolve_node(&n.body);
+                self.exit_scope();
+            }
+            Node::Borrow(n) => {
+                self.resolve_node(&n.target);
+                self.enter_scope();
+                self.define_local(&n.binding, n.span, SymbolKind::Local);
+                self.resolve_node(&n.body);
+                self.exit_scope();
+            }
+            Node::Peek(n) => {
+                self.resolve_node(&n.target);
+                self.enter_scope();
+                self.define_local(&n.binding, n.span, SymbolKind::Local);
+                self.resolve_node(&n.body);
+                self.exit_scope();
+            }
+            Node::MemberAccess(n) => {
+                self.resolve_node(&n.object);
+                // For member access, the member name itself isn't resolved in the value namespace
+                // unless it's a property. In v0, we mostly care about host calls.
+            }
             _ => {}
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/typecheck.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/typecheck.rs
index 7863d3a3..bf847704 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/typecheck.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/typecheck.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 pub struct TypeChecker<'a> {
     module_symbols: &'a mut ModuleSymbols,
-    module_provider: &'a dyn ModuleProvider,
+    _module_provider: &'a dyn ModuleProvider,
     scopes: Vec<HashMap<String, PbsType>>,
     mut_bindings: Vec<HashMap<String, bool>>,
     current_return_type: Option<PbsType>,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ impl<'a> TypeChecker<'a> {
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             module_symbols,
-            module_provider,
+            _module_provider: module_provider,
             scopes: Vec::new(),
             mut_bindings: Vec::new(),
             current_return_type: None,
@@ -130,10 +130,47 @@ impl<'a> TypeChecker<'a> {
             Node::Cast(n) => self.check_cast(n),
             Node::IfExpr(n) => self.check_if_expr(n),
             Node::WhenExpr(n) => self.check_when_expr(n),
+            Node::Alloc(n) => self.check_alloc(n),
+            Node::Mutate(n) => self.check_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, true),
+            Node::Borrow(n) => self.check_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, false),
+            Node::Peek(n) => self.check_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, false),
+            Node::MemberAccess(n) => self.check_member_access(n),
             _ => PbsType::Void,
         }
     }
 
+    fn check_member_access(&mut self, n: &MemberAccessNode) -> PbsType {
+        let _obj_ty = self.check_node(&n.object);
+        // For v0, we assume member access on a host contract is valid and return a dummy type
+        // or resolve it if we have contract info.
+        PbsType::Void
+    }
+
+    fn check_alloc(&mut self, n: &AllocNode) -> PbsType {
+        let ty = self.resolve_type_node(&n.ty);
+        // For v0, alloc returns something that can be used with mutate/borrow/peek.
+        // We'll call it a gate to the type.
+        PbsType::Contract(format!("Gate<{}>", ty)) // Approximation for v0
+    }
+
+    fn check_hip(&mut self, _span: Span, target: &Node, binding: &str, body: &Node, is_mut: bool) -> PbsType {
+        let target_ty = self.check_node(target);
+        // In v0, we assume target is a gate. We bind the inner type to the binding.
+        let inner_ty = match target_ty {
+             PbsType::Contract(name) if name.starts_with("Gate<") => {
+                 // Try to extract type name from Gate<TypeName>
+                 PbsType::Void // Simplified
+             }
+             _ => PbsType::Void
+        };
+
+        self.enter_scope();
+        self.define_local(binding, inner_ty, is_mut);
+        let body_ty = self.check_node(body);
+        self.exit_scope();
+        body_ty
+    }
+
     fn check_fn_decl(&mut self, n: &FnDeclNode) {
         let sig = self.module_symbols.value_symbols.get(&n.name).and_then(|s| s.ty.clone());
         if let Some(PbsType::Function { params, return_type }) = sig {
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/const_pool.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/const_pool.rs
index 2e438712..59773690 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/const_pool.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/const_pool.rs
@@ -37,4 +37,16 @@ impl ConstPool {
     pub fn get(&self, id: ConstId) -> Option<&ConstantValue> {
         self.constants.get(id.0 as usize)
     }
+
+    pub fn add_int(&mut self, value: i64) -> ConstId {
+        self.insert(ConstantValue::Int(value))
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_float(&mut self, value: f64) -> ConstId {
+        self.insert(ConstantValue::Float(value))
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_string(&mut self, value: String) -> ConstId {
+        self.insert(ConstantValue::String(value))
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/function.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/function.rs
index 96e79640..04e13a86 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/function.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/function.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use super::ids::FunctionId;
 use super::block::Block;
+use super::types::Type;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Param {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub ty: Type,
+}
 
 /// A function within a module, composed of basic blocks forming a CFG.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Function {
     pub id: FunctionId,
     pub name: String,
+    pub params: Vec<Param>,
+    pub return_type: Type,
     pub blocks: Vec<Block>,
 }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/instr.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/instr.rs
index 810fed12..50c28f65 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/instr.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/instr.rs
@@ -10,4 +10,31 @@ pub enum Instr {
     Call(FunctionId, u32),
     /// Host calls (syscalls).
     Syscall(u32),
+    /// Variable access.
+    GetLocal(u32),
+    SetLocal(u32),
+    /// Stack operations.
+    Pop,
+    Dup,
+    /// Arithmetic.
+    Add,
+    Sub,
+    Mul,
+    Div,
+    Neg,
+    /// Logical/Comparison.
+    Eq,
+    Neq,
+    Lt,
+    Lte,
+    Gt,
+    Gte,
+    And,
+    Or,
+    Not,
+    /// HIP operations.
+    Alloc,
+    Free, // Not used in v0 but good to have in Core IR
+    ReadGate,
+    WriteGate,
 }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/mod.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/mod.rs
index 86af5cdd..12b888d8 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub mod ids;
 pub mod const_pool;
+pub mod types;
 pub mod program;
 pub mod module;
 pub mod function;
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ pub mod terminator;
 
 pub use ids::*;
 pub use const_pool::*;
+pub use types::*;
 pub use program::*;
 pub use module::*;
 pub use function::*;
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/terminator.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/terminator.rs
index 965986dc..1dcbe342 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/terminator.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/terminator.rs
@@ -7,4 +7,10 @@ pub enum Terminator {
     Return,
     /// Unconditional jump to another block (by index/ID).
     Jump(u32),
+    /// Conditional jump: pops a bool, if false jumps to target, else continues to next block?
+    /// Actually, in a CFG, we usually have two targets for a conditional jump.
+    JumpIfFalse {
+        target: u32,
+        else_target: u32,
+    },
 }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/types.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8a7d8d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/ir_core/types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum Type {
+    Void,
+    Int,
+    Float,
+    Bool,
+    String,
+    Optional(Box<Type>),
+    Result(Box<Type>, Box<Type>),
+    Struct(String),
+    Service(String),
+    Contract(String),
+    ErrorType(String),
+    Function {
+        params: Vec<Type>,
+        return_type: Box<Type>,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/lowering/core_to_vm.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/lowering/core_to_vm.rs
index 9c2df4f8..1a23a8e8 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/lowering/core_to_vm.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/lowering/core_to_vm.rs
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ pub fn lower_function(core_func: &ir_core::Function) -> Result<ir::Function> {
     let mut vm_func = ir::Function {
         id: core_func.id,
         name: core_func.name.clone(),
-        params: vec![], // Params are not yet represented in Core IR Function
-        return_type: ir::Type::Null, // Return type is not yet represented in Core IR Function
+        params: core_func.params.iter().map(|p| ir::Param {
+            name: p.name.clone(),
+            r#type: lower_type(&p.ty),
+        }).collect(),
+        return_type: lower_type(&core_func.return_type),
         body: vec![],
     };
 
@@ -43,29 +46,38 @@ pub fn lower_function(core_func: &ir_core::Function) -> Result<ir::Function> {
         ));
 
         for instr in &block.instrs {
-            match instr {
-                ir_core::Instr::PushConst(id) => {
-                    vm_func.body.push(ir::Instruction::new(
-                        ir::InstrKind::PushConst(*id),
-                        None,
-                    ));
+            let kind = match instr {
+                ir_core::Instr::PushConst(id) => ir::InstrKind::PushConst(*id),
+                ir_core::Instr::Call(func_id, arg_count) => ir::InstrKind::Call { 
+                    func_id: *func_id, 
+                    arg_count: *arg_count 
+                },
+                ir_core::Instr::Syscall(id) => ir::InstrKind::Syscall(*id),
+                ir_core::Instr::GetLocal(slot) => ir::InstrKind::GetLocal(*slot),
+                ir_core::Instr::SetLocal(slot) => ir::InstrKind::SetLocal(*slot),
+                ir_core::Instr::Pop => ir::InstrKind::Pop,
+                ir_core::Instr::Dup => ir::InstrKind::Dup,
+                ir_core::Instr::Add => ir::InstrKind::Add,
+                ir_core::Instr::Sub => ir::InstrKind::Sub,
+                ir_core::Instr::Mul => ir::InstrKind::Mul,
+                ir_core::Instr::Div => ir::InstrKind::Div,
+                ir_core::Instr::Neg => ir::InstrKind::Neg,
+                ir_core::Instr::Eq => ir::InstrKind::Eq,
+                ir_core::Instr::Neq => ir::InstrKind::Neq,
+                ir_core::Instr::Lt => ir::InstrKind::Lt,
+                ir_core::Instr::Lte => ir::InstrKind::Lte,
+                ir_core::Instr::Gt => ir::InstrKind::Gt,
+                ir_core::Instr::Gte => ir::InstrKind::Gte,
+                ir_core::Instr::And => ir::InstrKind::And,
+                ir_core::Instr::Or => ir::InstrKind::Or,
+                ir_core::Instr::Not => ir::InstrKind::Not,
+                ir_core::Instr::Alloc | ir_core::Instr::Free | ir_core::Instr::ReadGate | ir_core::Instr::WriteGate => {
+                    // HIP effects are not yet supported in VM IR, so we emit Nop or similar.
+                    // For now, let's use Nop.
+                    ir::InstrKind::Nop
                 }
-                ir_core::Instr::Call(func_id, arg_count) => {
-                    vm_func.body.push(ir::Instruction::new(
-                        ir::InstrKind::Call { 
-                            func_id: *func_id, 
-                            arg_count: *arg_count 
-                        },
-                        None,
-                    ));
-                }
-                ir_core::Instr::Syscall(id) => {
-                    vm_func.body.push(ir::Instruction::new(
-                        ir::InstrKind::Syscall(*id),
-                        None,
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
+            };
+            vm_func.body.push(ir::Instruction::new(kind, None));
         }
 
         match &block.terminator {
@@ -78,8 +90,35 @@ pub fn lower_function(core_func: &ir_core::Function) -> Result<ir::Function> {
                     None,
                 ));
             }
+            ir_core::Terminator::JumpIfFalse { target, else_target } => {
+                vm_func.body.push(ir::Instruction::new(
+                    ir::InstrKind::JmpIfFalse(ir::Label(format!("block_{}", target))),
+                    None,
+                ));
+                vm_func.body.push(ir::Instruction::new(
+                    ir::InstrKind::Jmp(ir::Label(format!("block_{}", else_target))),
+                    None,
+                ));
+            }
         }
     }
 
     Ok(vm_func)
 }
+
+fn lower_type(ty: &ir_core::Type) -> ir::Type {
+    match ty {
+        ir_core::Type::Void => ir::Type::Void,
+        ir_core::Type::Int => ir::Type::Int,
+        ir_core::Type::Float => ir::Type::Float,
+        ir_core::Type::Bool => ir::Type::Bool,
+        ir_core::Type::String => ir::Type::String,
+        ir_core::Type::Optional(inner) => ir::Type::Array(Box::new(lower_type(inner))), // Approximation
+        ir_core::Type::Result(ok, _) => lower_type(ok), // Approximation
+        ir_core::Type::Struct(_) => ir::Type::Object,
+        ir_core::Type::Service(_) => ir::Type::Object,
+        ir_core::Type::Contract(_) => ir::Type::Object,
+        ir_core::Type::ErrorType(_) => ir::Type::Object,
+        ir_core::Type::Function { .. } => ir::Type::Function,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/config_integration.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/config_integration.rs
index 096c5457..4b40c540 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/config_integration.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/config_integration.rs
@@ -23,14 +23,7 @@ fn test_project_root_and_entry_resolution() {
     // Call compile
     let result = compiler::compile(project_dir);
     
-    // It should fail with "Frontend 'pbs' not yet fully implemented (Parser OK)" 
-    // but ONLY after successfully loading the config and resolving the entry.
-    
-    match result {
-        Err(e) => {
-            let msg = e.to_string();
-            assert!(msg.contains("Frontend 'pbs' not yet fully implemented (Parser OK)"), "Unexpected error: {}", msg);
-        }
-        Ok(_) => panic!("Should have failed as pbs is not implemented yet"),
-    }
+    // It should now succeed or at least fail at a later stage, 
+    // but the point of this test is config resolution.
+    assert!(result.is_ok(), "Failed to compile: {:?}", result.err());
 }
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/ir_core_tests.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/ir_core_tests.rs
index aeaf1aaa..c2ba92a3 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/ir_core_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/ir_core_tests.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ fn test_ir_core_manual_construction() {
             functions: vec![Function {
                 id: FunctionId(10),
                 name: "entry".to_string(),
+                params: vec![],
+                return_type: Type::Void,
                 blocks: vec![Block {
                     id: 0,
                     instrs: vec![
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@ fn test_ir_core_manual_construction() {
         {
           "id": 10,
           "name": "entry",
+          "params": [],
+          "return_type": "Void",
           "blocks": [
             {
               "id": 0,
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/lowering_tests.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/lowering_tests.rs
index 88b98897..93db307e 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/lowering_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/lowering_tests.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ fn test_full_lowering() {
             functions: vec![ir_core::Function {
                 id: FunctionId(1),
                 name: "main".to_string(),
+                params: vec![],
+                return_type: ir_core::Type::Void,
                 blocks: vec![
                     Block {
                         id: 0,
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_contract_tests.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_contract_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73a51d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_contract_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::parser::Parser;
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::collector::SymbolCollector;
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::symbols::ModuleSymbols;
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::lowering::Lowerer;
+use prometeu_compiler::ir_core;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_host_contract_call_lowering() {
+    let code = "
+        fn main() {
+            Gfx.clear(0);
+            Log.write(\"Hello\");
+        }
+    ";
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(code, 0);
+    let ast = parser.parse_file().expect("Failed to parse");
+
+    let mut collector = SymbolCollector::new();
+    let (type_symbols, value_symbols) = collector.collect(&ast).expect("Failed to collect symbols");
+    let module_symbols = ModuleSymbols { type_symbols, value_symbols };
+
+    let lowerer = Lowerer::new(&module_symbols);
+    let program = lowerer.lower_file(&ast, "test");
+
+    let func = &program.modules[0].functions[0];
+    let instrs: Vec<_> = func.blocks.iter().flat_map(|b| b.instrs.iter()).collect();
+    
+    // Gfx.clear -> 0x1001
+    assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::Syscall(0x1001))));
+    // Log.write -> 0x5001
+    assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::Syscall(0x5001))));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_invalid_contract_call_lowering() {
+    let code = "
+        fn main() {
+            Gfx.invalidMethod(0);
+        }
+    ";
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(code, 0);
+    let ast = parser.parse_file().expect("Failed to parse");
+
+    let mut collector = SymbolCollector::new();
+    let (type_symbols, value_symbols) = collector.collect(&ast).expect("Failed to collect symbols");
+    let module_symbols = ModuleSymbols { type_symbols, value_symbols };
+
+    let lowerer = Lowerer::new(&module_symbols);
+    let program = lowerer.lower_file(&ast, "test");
+
+    let func = &program.modules[0].functions[0];
+    let instrs: Vec<_> = func.blocks.iter().flat_map(|b| b.instrs.iter()).collect();
+    
+    // Should NOT be a syscall if invalid
+    assert!(!instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::Syscall(_))));
+    // Should be a regular call (which might fail later or be a dummy)
+    assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::Call(_, _))));
+}
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_lowering_tests.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_lowering_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d5643a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_lowering_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::parser::Parser;
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::collector::SymbolCollector;
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::symbols::ModuleSymbols;
+use prometeu_compiler::frontends::pbs::lowering::Lowerer;
+use prometeu_compiler::ir_core;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_basic_lowering() {
+    let code = "
+        fn add(a: int, b: int) -> int {
+            return a + b;
+        }
+        fn main() {
+            let x = add(10, 20);
+        }
+    ";
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(code, 0);
+    let ast = parser.parse_file().expect("Failed to parse");
+
+    let mut collector = SymbolCollector::new();
+    let (type_symbols, value_symbols) = collector.collect(&ast).expect("Failed to collect symbols");
+    let module_symbols = ModuleSymbols { type_symbols, value_symbols };
+
+    let lowerer = Lowerer::new(&module_symbols);
+    let program = lowerer.lower_file(&ast, "test");
+
+    // Verify program structure
+    assert_eq!(program.modules.len(), 1);
+    let module = &program.modules[0];
+    assert_eq!(module.functions.len(), 2);
+
+    let add_func = module.functions.iter().find(|f| f.name == "add").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(add_func.params.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(add_func.return_type, ir_core::Type::Int);
+
+    // Verify blocks
+    assert!(add_func.blocks.len() >= 1);
+    let first_block = &add_func.blocks[0];
+    // Check for Add instruction
+    assert!(first_block.instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::Add)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_control_flow_lowering() {
+    let code = "
+        fn max(a: int, b: int) -> int {
+            if (a > b) {
+                return a;
+            } else {
+                return b;
+            }
+        }
+    ";
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(code, 0);
+    let ast = parser.parse_file().expect("Failed to parse");
+
+    let mut collector = SymbolCollector::new();
+    let (type_symbols, value_symbols) = collector.collect(&ast).expect("Failed to collect symbols");
+    let module_symbols = ModuleSymbols { type_symbols, value_symbols };
+
+    let lowerer = Lowerer::new(&module_symbols);
+    let program = lowerer.lower_file(&ast, "test");
+
+    let max_func = &program.modules[0].functions[0];
+    // Should have multiple blocks for if-else
+    assert!(max_func.blocks.len() >= 3); 
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_hip_lowering() {
+    let code = "
+        fn test_hip() {
+            let g = alloc int;
+            mutate g as x {
+                let y = x + 1;
+            }
+        }
+    ";
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(code, 0);
+    let ast = parser.parse_file().expect("Failed to parse");
+
+    let mut collector = SymbolCollector::new();
+    let (type_symbols, value_symbols) = collector.collect(&ast).expect("Failed to collect symbols");
+    let module_symbols = ModuleSymbols { type_symbols, value_symbols };
+
+    let lowerer = Lowerer::new(&module_symbols);
+    let program = lowerer.lower_file(&ast, "test");
+
+    let func = &program.modules[0].functions[0];
+    let instrs: Vec<_> = func.blocks.iter().flat_map(|b| b.instrs.iter()).collect();
+    
+    assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::Alloc)));
+    assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::ReadGate)));
+    assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, ir_core::Instr::WriteGate)));
+}
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_resolver_tests.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_resolver_tests.rs
index 347ce42d..468dcde3 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_resolver_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/pbs_resolver_tests.rs
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ fn test_visibility_error() {
         kind: SymbolKind::Struct,
         namespace: Namespace::Type,
         visibility: Visibility::FilePrivate,
+        ty: None,
         span: Span::new(1, 0, 0),
     }).unwrap();
     
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@ fn test_import_resolution() {
         kind: SymbolKind::Struct,
         namespace: Namespace::Type,
         visibility: Visibility::Pub,
+        ty: None,
         span: Span::new(1, 0, 0),
     }).unwrap();
     
diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/vm_ir_tests.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/vm_ir_tests.rs
index 831d9278..5059cdf4 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/vm_ir_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/tests/vm_ir_tests.rs
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ fn test_lowering_smoke() {
             functions: vec![ir_core::Function {
                 id: FunctionId(10),
                 name: "start".to_string(),
+                params: vec![],
+                return_type: ir_core::Type::Void,
                 blocks: vec![ir_core::Block {
                     id: 0,
                     instrs: vec![