diff --git a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/lowering.rs b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/lowering.rs
index 63c21b04..a2d0d070 100644
--- a/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/lowering.rs
+++ b/crates/prometeu-compiler/src/frontends/pbs/lowering.rs
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ impl<'a> Lowerer<'a> {
             Node::Unary(n) => self.lower_unary(n),
             Node::IfExpr(n) => self.lower_if_expr(n),
             Node::Alloc(n) => self.lower_alloc(n),
-            Node::Mutate(n) => self.lower_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, "mutate"),
-            Node::Borrow(n) => self.lower_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, "borrow"),
-            Node::Peek(n) => self.lower_hip(n.span, &n.target, &n.binding, &n.body, "peek"),
+            Node::Mutate(n) => self.lower_mutate(n),
+            Node::Borrow(n) => self.lower_borrow(n),
+            Node::Peek(n) => self.lower_peek(n),
             _ => {}
         }
     }
@@ -149,44 +149,83 @@ impl<'a> Lowerer<'a> {
         self.emit(Instr::Alloc { ty: TypeId(0), slots: 1 });
     }
 
-    fn lower_hip(&mut self, _span: crate::common::spans::Span, target: &Node, binding: &str, body: &Node, op: &str) {
-        // HIP Access Pattern (Explicit Semantics):
+    fn lower_peek(&mut self, n: &PeekNode) {
         // 1. Evaluate target (gate)
-        self.lower_node(target);
+        self.lower_node(&n.target);
         
-        // 2. Preserve gate identity. 
-        // We MUST NOT lose the gate, as storage access must be mediated by it.
+        // 2. Preserve gate identity
         let gate_slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
         self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(format!("$gate_{}", gate_slot), gate_slot);
         self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(gate_slot));
         
-        // 3. Begin Operation. 
-        // This instruction reads the gate from the local and pushes a view.
-        let instr = match op {
-            "peek" => Instr::BeginPeek { gate: ValueId(gate_slot) },
-            "borrow" => Instr::BeginBorrow { gate: ValueId(gate_slot) },
-            "mutate" => Instr::BeginMutate { gate: ValueId(gate_slot) },
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        self.emit(instr);
+        // 3. Begin Operation
+        self.emit(Instr::BeginPeek { gate: ValueId(gate_slot) });
 
         // 4. Bind view to local
         self.local_vars.push(HashMap::new());
         let view_slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
-        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(binding.to_string(), view_slot);
+        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(n.binding.to_string(), view_slot);
         self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(view_slot));
         
         // 5. Body
-        self.lower_node(body);
+        self.lower_node(&n.body);
 
         // 6. End Operation
-        let end_instr = match op {
-            "peek" => Instr::EndPeek,
-            "borrow" => Instr::EndBorrow,
-            "mutate" => Instr::EndMutate,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
-        self.emit(end_instr);
+        self.emit(Instr::EndPeek);
+
+        self.local_vars.pop();
+    }
+
+    fn lower_borrow(&mut self, n: &BorrowNode) {
+        // 1. Evaluate target (gate)
+        self.lower_node(&n.target);
+        
+        // 2. Preserve gate identity
+        let gate_slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
+        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(format!("$gate_{}", gate_slot), gate_slot);
+        self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(gate_slot));
+        
+        // 3. Begin Operation
+        self.emit(Instr::BeginBorrow { gate: ValueId(gate_slot) });
+
+        // 4. Bind view to local
+        self.local_vars.push(HashMap::new());
+        let view_slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
+        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(n.binding.to_string(), view_slot);
+        self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(view_slot));
+        
+        // 5. Body
+        self.lower_node(&n.body);
+
+        // 6. End Operation
+        self.emit(Instr::EndBorrow);
+
+        self.local_vars.pop();
+    }
+
+    fn lower_mutate(&mut self, n: &MutateNode) {
+        // 1. Evaluate target (gate)
+        self.lower_node(&n.target);
+        
+        // 2. Preserve gate identity
+        let gate_slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
+        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(format!("$gate_{}", gate_slot), gate_slot);
+        self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(gate_slot));
+        
+        // 3. Begin Operation
+        self.emit(Instr::BeginMutate { gate: ValueId(gate_slot) });
+
+        // 4. Bind view to local
+        self.local_vars.push(HashMap::new());
+        let view_slot = self.get_next_local_slot();
+        self.local_vars.last_mut().unwrap().insert(n.binding.to_string(), view_slot);
+        self.emit(Instr::SetLocal(view_slot));
+        
+        // 5. Body
+        self.lower_node(&n.body);
+
+        // 6. End Operation
+        self.emit(Instr::EndMutate);
 
         self.local_vars.pop();
     }
@@ -525,6 +564,45 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!json.contains("WriteGate"), "WriteGate should be gone");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hip_semantics_distinction() {
+        let code = "
+            fn test_hip(g: int) {
+                peek g as p {
+                    let x = p;
+                }
+                borrow g as b {
+                    let y = b;
+                }
+                mutate g as m {
+                    let z = m;
+                }
+            }
+        ";
+        let mut parser = Parser::new(code, 0);
+        let ast = parser.parse_file().expect("Failed to parse");
+
+        let mut collector = SymbolCollector::new();
+        let (type_symbols, value_symbols) = collector.collect(&ast).expect("Failed to collect symbols");
+        let module_symbols = ModuleSymbols { type_symbols, value_symbols };
+
+        let lowerer = Lowerer::new(&module_symbols);
+        let program = lowerer.lower_file(&ast, "test");
+
+        let func = &program.modules[0].functions[0];
+        let instrs: Vec<_> = func.blocks.iter().flat_map(|b| b.instrs.iter()).collect();
+        
+        // Assert distinct Core IR instruction sequences
+        assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, Instr::BeginPeek { .. })));
+        assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, Instr::EndPeek)));
+        
+        assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, Instr::BeginBorrow { .. })));
+        assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, Instr::EndBorrow)));
+        
+        assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, Instr::BeginMutate { .. })));
+        assert!(instrs.iter().any(|i| matches!(i, Instr::EndMutate)));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_host_contract_call_lowering() {
         let code = "
diff --git a/docs/specs/pbs/files/PRs para Junie.md b/docs/specs/pbs/files/PRs para Junie.md
index 38d1e776..d5f7f2ce 100644
--- a/docs/specs/pbs/files/PRs para Junie.md	
+++ b/docs/specs/pbs/files/PRs para Junie.md	
@@ -1,32 +1,3 @@
-# PR-21 — Distinguish `peek`, `borrow`, and `mutate` in Core IR
-
-### Goal
-
-Restore the semantic distinction mandated by PBS.
-
-### Required Semantics
-
-| Operation | Effect                          |
-| --------- | ------------------------------- |
-| `peek`    | Copy storage → stack value      |
-| `borrow`  | Temporary read-only view        |
-| `mutate`  | Temporary mutable view + commit |
-
-### Required Changes
-
-* Lower PBS `peek` → `BeginPeek` / `EndPeek`
-* Lower PBS `borrow` → `BeginBorrow` / `EndBorrow`
-* Lower PBS `mutate` → `BeginMutate` / `EndMutate`
-
-These **must not** share the same lowering path.
-
-### Tests
-
-* PBS snippet with all three operations
-* Assert distinct Core IR instruction sequences
-
----
-
 # PR-22 — Make Allocation Shape Explicit in Core IR
 
 ### Goal